The melting point of tungsten is the highest among all metal elements, and its density (19.3 g/cm³) is very high, which is close to that of gold. The hardness of tungsten is also very high. For example, the hardness of tungsten carbide is close to that of diamond. In addition, tungsten has good electrical and thermal conductivity, small expansion coefficient and other characteristics, so it is widely used in alloy, electronics, chemical industry and other fields, among which cemented carbide is the largest consumption field of tungsten.
- Steel
The hardness of tungsten is very high, and the density of tungsten is close to that of gold, so it can improve the strength, hardness and wear resistance of steel. It is an important alloying element and is widely used in the production of various steel materials. The common tungsten-containing steel materials are High-speed steel, tungsten steel, and tungsten-cobalt magnets with high magnetization and coercivity, etc. These steels are mainly used to manufacture various tools, such as drills, milling cutters, wire drawing dies, female molds and male molds.
- Tungsten carbide based cemented carbide
Tungsten carbide has high wear resistance and refractory properties, and its hardness is close to that of diamond, so it is often used in some cemented carbides. At present, tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide is the largest consumption field of tungsten. Tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide can be roughly divided into four categories: tungsten carbide-cobalt, tungsten carbide-titanium carbide-cobalt, tungsten carbide-titanium carbide-tantalum carbide (niobium)-cobalt and steel-bonded cemented carbide. Base cemented carbide is mainly used in the manufacture of cutting tools, mining tools and wire drawing dies.
- Heat-strength and wear-resistant alloys
The melting point of tungsten is the highest among all metals, and its hardness is also very high, so it is often used to produce heat-resistant and wear-resistant alloys, such as alloys of tungsten, chromium, cobalt, and carbon, which are often used to produce valves such as aero-engines, turbine impellers, etc. High-strength and wear-resistant parts, and alloys of tungsten and other refractory metals (such as tantalum, niobium, molybdenum, rhenium) are often used to produce high-heat-strength parts such as aerospace rocket nozzles and engines.
- High specific gravity alloy
Due to its high density and high hardness, tungsten has become an ideal material for making high specific gravity alloys. These high specific gravity alloys are divided into W-Ni-Fe, W-Ni-Cu, W-Co, W-WC according to their composition characteristics and uses. -Cu, W-Ag and other main series, this kind of alloy has the characteristics of large proportion, high strength, strong radiation absorption ability, large thermal conductivity, small thermal expansion coefficient, good electrical conductivity, good weldability and processability, etc., and is widely used In aerospace, aviation, military, oil drilling, electrical instrumentation, medical and other industries, such as manufacturing armor, heat sinks, counterweights for controlling rudders, and contact materials such as knife switches, circuit breakers, and spot welding electrodes.
- Electronic field
Tungsten has strong plasticity, low evaporation rate, high melting point and strong electron emission ability, so tungsten and its alloys are widely used in electronics and power supply industries. For example, tungsten wire has high luminous rate and long service life, so it is widely used in the manufacture of various bulb filaments, such as incandescent lamps, iodine tungsten lamps, etc. Tungsten wire can also be used to manufacture direct-heated cathodes and grids of electronic oscillator tubes As well as side-heated cathode heaters in various electronic instruments. The properties of tungsten make it also a good electrode material for TIG welding and other similar jobs.
- Chemical field
Tungsten compounds are often used as catalysts and inorganic colors, such as tungsten disulfide used as lubricants and catalysts in the preparation of synthetic gasoline, tungsten oxides (WO3, WO2.9, WO2.72) nano-tungsten oxides are used as catalysts , battery materials, sensing materials, high-performance thermal insulation media.
- Other fields
Since tungsten has a thermal expansion similar to that of borosilicate glass, it is used as a glass or metal seal. Tungsten has low sensitivity, so it is used to make high-purity tungsten gold jewelry. In addition, tungsten is also used in radiation medicine, and some musical instruments also use tungsten wire.
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