Catalysts are widely used in all walks of life all over the world, and the theoretical research on catalysts will have great development in clean energy and environmental protection. Among them, photocatalytic materials refer to semiconductor catalyst materials required for chemical reactions to occur under light conditions. Photocatalytic technology has become an ideal environmental pollution control technology due to its unique properties such as direct use of sunlight at room temperature to completely mineralize various organic pollutants without secondary pollution. In recent years, researchers in many disciplines in my country have joined the field of photocatalysis research, making it a relatively active field and developing rapidly. At the same time, my country has developed rapidly in the fields of environmental protection and new energy in recent years, and there is a large market demand for photocatalyst materials.
So what are the major types of photocatalyst materials?
(1) Nano-photocatalytic materials loaded with noble metals, graphene and carbon nanotubes on the surface, such as loading noble metals on the surface of nano-oxides TiO2, Fe2O3, WOx, Al2O3, CuO, NiO, ZnO, etc.; (2) Surface-coupled nano-semiconductor photocatalysts Catalysts, such as CdS-ZnO, CdS-SnO, CdS-TiO2, CdSe-Tioz, SnO-TiO2, etc.; (3) photocatalysts with perovskite oxide structures such as BaTiO3, SrTiO3, LaFeO3, etc.; ( 4) Supported photocatalysts support TiO2, ZnO and other photocatalysts on the surface of adsorption carriers (such as silica, zeolite, alumina, activated carbon); (5) Nano metal oxides such as Tio2, Fe203, WO3, SnO2, CuO, Al2O3, ZnO, etc.
Nano-tungsten trioxide has a strong absorption capacity for electromagnetic waves, and can be used as an excellent solar energy absorbing material and invisible material, and has good stability. Nano tungsten trioxide has a large specific surface area, significant surface effect, and special catalytic performance. As a transition metal compound, nano-tungsten trioxide is a wide-bandgap n-type semiconductor and a potential sensitive material.
The theoretical basis for using nano-semiconductor particles as photocatalysts is that: on the one hand, the quantum size effect will widen the semiconductor energy gap, the conduction band potential will become more negative, and the valence band potential will become more positive. This enables it to obtain a stronger redox ability; on the other hand, the specific surface area of nanoparticles is much larger than that of conventional materials. The surface area of a nanomaterial the size of a grain of rice is equivalent to a football field. The nanomaterial has a strong ability to adsorb pollutants, which is very beneficial to increase the speed of the catalytic reaction; moreover, the smaller the particle size, the smaller the probability of recombination of electrons and holes, and the better the charge separation effect, resulting in catalytic activity improvement.
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