The color of tungsten bronze varies greatly with the composition. For example, in NaxWO3, it is golden yellow when x~0.9, orange red when x~0.6, reddish purple when x~0.45, and dark blue purple when x~0.3. Structurally, every time a Na ion is removed from NaxWO3, a W atom should change from W(Ⅴ) to W(Ⅵ). Therefore, there are (1-x) positions for W(VI) atoms and (1-x) empty Na atoms in this defective NaxWO3. Completely pure NaxWO3 has not yet been produced, and WO3 (that is, the number of Na atoms is the minimum limit x=0) is a slightly distorted ReO3 structure (that is, the structure that removes the large cation in the perovskite structure). So in fact the composition of tungsten bronze is close to Na0.3WO3-Na0.9WO3.
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