Tungsten oxide electrochromic is a special material property, known as electrochromic material (Electrochromic Material). They have the ability to change color under the action of an applied electric field. The following is the general principle of tungsten oxide electrochromic:
Tungsten oxide electrochromic materials are usually composed of tungsten oxide thin films. These films are composed of one or more metal oxides, the most common of which is tungsten trioxide (WO3).
When no electric field is applied, the tungsten oxide film is colorless and transparent. When an electric field is applied, charge transfer and diffusion of ions in the material occurs. Specifically, when an electric field is applied on the tungsten oxide film, the electric field induces the migration of electrons and ions inside the material. This process causes changes in the film’s structure, which alters its optical properties.
When a forward voltage (such as anode) is applied, electrons flow from the electrode into the tungsten oxide film, causing the tungsten ions in the film to undergo a reduction reaction and form a colored state of tungsten oxide. This colored state is usually blue or blue-gray, depending on the composition and preparation conditions of the material.
On the contrary, when a negative voltage (such as a cathode) is applied, electrons flow out of the tungsten oxide film, causing the tungsten ions in the film to undergo an oxidation reaction and return to a colorless and transparent state.
Therefore, by changing the polarity of the applied electric field, the color state of the tungsten oxide film can be controlled to realize the electrochromic effect.
It is worth noting that tungsten oxide electrochromic materials generally require lower voltages to achieve color changes and can respond quickly to changes in the electric field. This makes them potentially useful in areas such as electronic displays, smart windows and optical switches.
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