In the tungsten oxide (WO₃) crystal structure, the tungsten atom tungsten vacancy refers to the defect site where the tungsten atom is missing from the original tungsten atom position in the crystal lattice. Normally, the crystal structure of tungsten oxide is composed of oxygen atoms and tungsten atoms, presenting a layered structure. Each tungsten atom is surrounded by six oxygen atoms, forming a tungsten-oxygen octahedral structure. Tungsten vacancy refers to the absence of a tungsten atom at the position of a tungsten atom, forming a vacancy. This defect causes a vacancy in the crystal structure and can destroy the integrity of the crystal. The formation of tungsten vacancies may be caused by factors such as lattice defects, heat treatment, radiation or chemical reactions. Tungsten vacancies have higher energy, making them active sites in tungsten oxide. The existence of tungsten vacancies can affect the physical and chemical properties of tungsten oxide, including electronic conductivity, catalytic activity, adsorption capacity, etc. Therefore, studying and controlling the distribution and quantity of tungsten vacancies in tungsten oxide is of great significance for understanding and optimizing the properties of tungsten oxide materials.
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