The photocatalytically active surface defect of tungsten oxide (WO₃) refers to the defect site or defect structure existing on the surface of tungsten oxide, which has an important influence on the special area of photocatalytic reaction.
On the crystal surface of tungsten oxide, various types of surface defects may exist, including oxygen vacancies, oxide defects, tungsten oxide lattice dislocations, adsorbate sites, etc. These surface defects usually have different energy level distributions and reactivity, thus having a significant impact on photocatalytic reactions.
Surface defects can affect key photocatalytic processes such as the light absorption ability of tungsten oxide, the separation and transport of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, and the formation of catalytic active sites. For example, oxygen vacancies and oxide defects can introduce additional energy levels, extending the light absorption range of tungsten oxide and enhancing the visible light responsiveness. Lattice dislocations and adsorbate sites provide active sites and promote the occurrence of catalytic reactions.
In addition, surface defects can also affect the surface chemical properties of tungsten oxide, such as surface redox ability, adsorption performance, etc., and further adjust the rate and selectivity of photocatalytic reactions.
Therefore, understanding and regulating the surface defects of tungsten oxide is crucial for improving its photocatalytic activity. Experimental and theoretical calculation methods can be used to study the surface defects of tungsten oxide, such as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), density functional theory (DFT), etc. By controlling the preparation conditions, surface modification, and doping of tungsten oxide, the type, concentration, and distribution of surface defects can be adjusted to optimize its photocatalytic performance.
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