The basic steps of producing tungsten oxide by ammonium tungstate method (APT method):
Preparation Of Ammonium Tungstate
Tungsten ore is reacted with an acid, usually sulfuric acid, to produce a solution of dissolved tungstate. Through proper treatment and separation steps, ammonium tungstate salt with higher purity can be obtained.
Filtrate And Drying
The ammonium tungstate solution is treated as a filtrate, and the solid ammonium tungstate is separated. Subsequently, the ammonium tungstate salt is converted into solid ammonium tungstate by drying or sintering.
Pyrolysis And Conversion
Solid ammonium tungstate is pyrolyzed or calcined at high temperature to remove volatiles and moisture and convert it into tungsten oxide.
Preparation Of Tungsten Oxide
After pyrolysis or calcination, solid ammonium tungstate is converted into tungsten oxide. Specific pyrolysis or calcination conditions will affect the morphology and properties of tungsten oxide. Ammonium tungstate method (APT method) is a common method for preparing tungsten, which is mainly used to produce ammonium tungstate salt instead of directly preparing tungsten oxide. The conversion from ammonium tungstate to tungsten oxide usually requires a pyrolysis or calcination step.
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