The electron emission characteristics of barium tungsten cathodes may change over time. This change can be caused by a variety of factors, including the following:
Material loss: During cathode use, the surface of the barium tungsten cathode may experience slight material loss, especially at high current densities. This may lead to changes in the shape of the cathode surface, which in turn affects the electron emission performance.
Gases and Contaminants: Although barium tungsten cathodes mainly work in a vacuum environment, in some cases, there may still be traces of gases or pollutants in the environment. These gases and pollutants may be adsorbed on the cathode surface, affecting the electron emission performance.
Electron bombardment: In some applications, the cathode surface may be bombarded by electron or particle beams. These bombardments can lead to changes in the microstructure of the cathode surface, which can affect the electron emission properties.
Thermal Effects: High power electron emission may cause heating of the cathode, which affects the properties of the cathode material and electron emission performance.
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