Barium-tungsten cathodes do have some disadvantages in some aspects, mainly including:
The cathode sponge has many blind holes and uneven pore structure, which may lead to insufficient reserves of cathode active materials. Due to the uneven pore structure, the barium content in the cathode active material may be low, which affects its performance.
The cathode active material reacts too quickly with the traditional pure tungsten cathode substrate. This may cause a large amount of active material to evaporate quickly, making the cathode emission current small. In the state where a large current needs to be drawn, this cathode may not be able to work stably and sustainably, and it is difficult to meet the needs of high-power and high-frequency development of microwave devices.
The heating efficiency is low and the cathode surface temperature is not uniform. This is because there is a small chamber for storing active materials between the cathode emission surface and the heater, which makes the heat conduction not smooth enough. This may affect the performance and stability of the cathode.
However, it is worth noting that the barium-tungsten cathode also inherits some advantages of the L cathode, such as having a metal skeleton (tungsten sponge), which allows the cathode to have a sufficient amount of active material reserves. At the same time, some major improvements have been made to the barium-tungsten cathode, such as eliminating the separate storage chamber, storing the active material directly in the pores of the tungsten sponge, and using barium refractory salts (aluminates, tungstates, scandates, etc.) instead of carbonates as active materials, which helps solve the problem of long L cathode exhaust time.
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