The principle of tungsten smelting mainly includes the following key steps, which are aimed at extracting and purifying tungsten elements from tungsten ore or tungsten alloy.
Raw material preparation
The raw materials for tungsten smelting are usually tungsten ores, such as wolframite, wolframite, etc. The tungsten content and physical properties in these ores determine the subsequent smelting methods.
Physical treatment
Tungsten ore dressing
According to the tungsten content and physical properties in the ore, select suitable ores for smelting.
Tungsten ore crushing
The selected ore is crushed for subsequent beneficiation, flotation and other operations.
Tungsten ore concentration
The crushed ore is separated by physical or chemical methods, mainly separating tungsten ore and impurities in tungsten ore.
Tungsten ore flotation
Use reagents and bubbles to separate tungsten ore from flotation foam to further improve the purity of tungsten ore.
Chemical treatment of tungsten ore
Smelting
The ore after flotation is smelted to remove impurities and sulfur.
Melting and refining
The smelted ore is heated with an oxidant to melt it, and pure tungsten is obtained by cooling and crystallization. In this process, the pH value of the solution may be adjusted according to specific process requirements. For example, the pH value may need to be adjusted to 8-9 when removing sodium silicate, and the pH value may need to be reduced to 2.5-3.0 when removing molybdenum.
Extraction and purification
Oxidation method
The tungsten-containing compound is converted into tungsten dioxide by high-temperature oxidation, and then the tungsten dioxide is reduced to metallic tungsten by reduction reaction.
Carbon reduction method
The tungsten-containing compound reacts with carbon to generate tungsten carbon compound, and then undergoes thermal decomposition reaction to obtain tungsten powder or tungsten alloy.
Magnesium oxide furnace method
Magnesium oxide is used to react with tungsten compounds at high temperature to generate metallic tungsten.
Subsequent processing
The obtained metallic tungsten is processed, including forging, rolling, welding, etc., to give it a specific shape and properties.
Environmental protection
Special attention should be paid to environmental protection, energy consumption, and waste disposal during tungsten smelting to ensure the sustainability and environmental friendliness of production.
In summary, tungsten smelting is a complex process that combines physical and chemical treatments to extract and purify tungsten elements from tungsten ore or tungsten alloys. This process involves multiple steps, including raw material preparation, physical treatment, chemical treatment, extraction and purification, and subsequent treatment, each of which has an important impact on the quality and purity of the final product. At the same time, environmental protection is also an important aspect that cannot be ignored in the tungsten smelting process.
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