Ammonium metatungstate hydrate is used as a precursor or template material in the preparation of nanomaterials. By controlling the reaction conditions such as pyrolysis, reduction or hydrolysis of ammonium metatungstate hydrate, tungsten-based nanomaterials with specific morphology, size and properties can be prepared. These nanomaterials have a wide range of applications in the fields of catalysis, energy, and optics. For example, tungsten-based nanocatalysts with high catalytic activity can be prepared by using ammonium metatungstate hydrate as precursor; tungsten-based nano-electrode materials with excellent electrochemical properties can be prepared by controlling the pyrolysis conditions of ammonium metatungstate hydrate; and tungsten-based nano-optical materials with specific optical properties can be prepared by using hydrolysis reaction of ammonium metatungstate hydrate. The main applications of ammonium metatungstate hydrate in the preparation of nanomaterials are as follows:
Preparation of WO3 thin films
Ammonium metatungstate is a commonly used and inexpensive industrial raw material, which is readily soluble in water and solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and decomposes at about 300 °C to produce WO3.
WO3 films can be obtained by specific preparation methods, such as dissolving ammonium metatungstate hydrate in DMF and adding anhydrous ethanol, and then spin-coating the film on an ITO glass substrate, followed by heat treatment.
The precursor ratio (e.g., the ratio of ammonium metatungstate, DMF and ethanol) has a significant effect on the uniformity of WO3 film formation.
Preparation of tungsten oxide nanoparticles
Tungsten oxide nanoparticles are available in various forms, such as yellow tungsten oxide (VK-WO3) and purple tungsten oxide (VK-WO27), each of which has different application areas.
Ammonium metatungstate hydrate can be used as one of the raw materials for the preparation of these tungsten oxide nanoparticles. For example, in the preparation of yellow tungsten oxide, tungsten trioxide can be obtained by roasting and decomposing ammonium metatungstate.
Synthesis of other nanomaterials as precursors
In addition to the direct preparation of WO3 thin films and tungsten oxide nanomaterials, ammonium metatungstate hydrate can also be used as a precursor to synthesize other nanomaterials by chemical reactions with other elements or compounds. For example, in the preparation of WTe(Se,S)2 samples, the powder of WO3-x can be firstly prepared by hydrothermal method, and then the target materials can be further synthesized.
In conclusion, ammonium metatungstate hydrate plays an important role in the preparation of nanomaterials, and it can be used not only to prepare WO3 thin films and tungsten oxide nanopowders directly, but also to synthesize other nanomaterials as precursors. By adjusting the preparation method and precursor ratios, the structure and properties of nanomaterials can be regulated to meet different application requirements.
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