Defective tungsten oxide, also known as oxygen-deficient tungsten oxide (WO3-x), is a tungsten oxide material with unique properties. Its defining feature is that some oxygen atoms (or oxygen ions) are missing from the tungsten trioxide (WO3) lattice, creating oxygen vacancies. This structure gives defective tungsten oxide excellent performance in mechanics, optics, thermals, and electronics, making it highly promising for a variety of applications.
Major Types of Defective Tungsten Oxide
Blue Tungsten Oxide (BTO)
- Chemical Composition: Blue tungsten oxide can be approximately represented as WO2.90, composed of 20 tungsten atoms and 58 oxygen atoms.
- Physical Properties: It appears as a light or dark blue powder, with high density and chemical reactivity.
- Applications: It is widely used in producing high-quality energy storage products and photothermal products and has potential applications in optical materials, electronic materials, and catalysts.
Violet Tungsten Oxide (VTO or TVO)
- Chemical Composition: Violet tungsten oxide can be approximately represented as WO2.72, composed of 18 tungsten atoms and 49 oxygen atoms.
- Physical Properties: It appears as a purple or blue-purple, microcrystalline powder with a unique crystal structure and excellent performance.
- Applications: Violet tungsten oxide is especially suited for producing ultrafine and nano-tungsten powders and for manufacturing fine tungsten carbide powder. Additionally, it has potential applications in photocatalysis and gas sensors.
Characteristics and Advantages of Defective Tungsten Oxide
- Excellent Optical Performance: Defective tungsten oxide can transmit visible light and strongly absorb near-infrared light, making it highly useful in agricultural applications (e.g., as a greenhouse film material) and in photocatalytic applications.
- Good Conductivity and Thermal Conductivity: It combines strong electrical and thermal conductivity, making it an ideal additive for energy storage materials.
- High Chemical Stability: Due to its complex crystal structure with oxygen vacancies, defective tungsten oxide has a low burn-off ratio and high chemical stability, which prevents deformation from environmental temperature fluctuations and reduces the likelihood of reactions with organic electrolytes.
- Enhanced Cathode Performance: In lithium batteries and other energy storage devices, defective tungsten oxide can significantly improve the energy density, cycle stability, and safety of cathode materials.
Applications of Defective Tungsten Oxide
- Agricultural Applications: Used as a material in agricultural films to improve light transmission and solar radiation absorption, creating a better growth environment for crops.
- Photocatalysis: Its excellent photocatalytic activity makes it promising for applications in pollutant degradation and water splitting for hydrogen production.
- Energy Storage: As an additive for cathode materials in lithium batteries and other storage devices, it enhances energy density and cycle stability.
- Electronic Materials: Applied in the production of electronic components and devices.
- Catalysts: Used as an efficient catalyst in chemical and environmental applications.
In summary, defective tungsten oxide is a high-performance material with broad applications across multiple fields. With ongoing advances in science and technology, its potential applications are expected to expand further.
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