What are the application scenarios of doped tungsten oxide nanomaterials?

The application scenarios of doped tungsten oxide (WO3) nanomaterials are very broad. These applications are primarily based on the fact that doping treatment can enhance the photocatalytic performance, sensing performance, electrical conductivity, and other physical and chemical properties of tungsten oxide. Below are some of the main application scenarios for doped tungsten oxide:

1. Photocatalysis Field
   • Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
     Doping treatment can widen the light absorption range of WO3, enhancing its ability to absorb visible light and even near-infrared light, thereby improving the efficiency of photocatalytic hydrogen production. For example, doping with rare earth elements (such as Gd³⁺) can enable WO3 to exhibit stronger light absorption in the near-infrared region.
   • Photocatalytic Degradation of Pollutants
     Doping can also promote the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, reducing their recombination rate and thus improving the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants (such as dyes, pesticides, etc.).
2. Sensing Field
   • Gas Sensors
     As an n-type semiconductor metal oxide, WO3 plays an important role in gas-sensitive sensors. Doping treatment can further enhance the gas-sensing performance of WO3, such as improving the sensitivity to harmful gases like NO2, CO, H2S, etc. For instance, Li-doped 3DOM WO3 has shown significantly improved gas sensitivity to NO2 at its optimal operating temperature.
   • Humidity Sensors
     Doping treatment can also enhance the humidity-sensing performance of WO3, making it more effective in applications such as humidity detection.
3. Energy Field
   • Lithium-Ion Batteries
     Due to its good chemical stability, high chemical activity, large theoretical specific capacity, and strong conductivity, WO3 has potential applications in lithium-ion batteries. Doping treatment can further optimize the electrochemical properties of WO3, improving its performance as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries.
   • Solar Cells
     The photoelectric properties of WO3 also make it a promising candidate for use in solar cells. Doping can modify the band structure of WO3, increasing its utilization of solar energy and thus improving the conversion efficiency of solar cells.
4. Environmental Protection Field Doped WO3 can be applied in environmental monitoring and water treatment, among other areas. For instance, doped WO3 can be used as a sensor material to detect pollutant concentrations and harmful gases in the environment. Additionally, WO3 can be used in water treatment to remove harmful substances from water.
5. Other Fields Doped WO3 also finds applications in photothermal therapy, biosensing, and drug delivery. For example, the photothermal properties of doped WO3 can be used for selective destruction of cancer cells. Its good biocompatibility and biological activity also make it a promising material for biosensing and drug delivery applications.

The application scenarios of doped tungsten oxide are extensive, covering areas such as photocatalysis, sensing, energy, environmental protection, and biomedical fields. As research continues and technology develops, the application prospects of doped WO3 will become even broader.

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