- Materials and Reagent Ratios:
| Reagent | Amount | Purity |
| Ammonium Paratungstate (APT) | 10 g | ≥99% |
| Hydrogen Peroxide (H₂O₂) | 100 mL (30% solution) | Analytical Grade (AR) |
| Distilled Water | 100 mL (for diluting H₂O₂) | — |
| Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) (optional) | 5 mL (0.1 M solution for pH adjustment) | Analytical Grade (AR) |
- Specific Experimental Steps and Data:
- Solution Preparation:
- Dilute 30% H₂O₂ to 15% by mixing 100 mL of H₂O₂ with 100 mL of distilled water.
- APT Addition Rate:
- Slowly add 10 g of APT in batches into the diluted H₂O₂ solution while maintaining a stirring speed of 500 rpm.
- Control the addition time to within 30 minutes to avoid vigorous reactions.
- Dissolution Temperature:
- Maintain the reaction temperature at 40°C using a water bath to control the temperature.
- pH Control:
- Initially, the pH is around 5.5–6.0.
- Slowly add diluted hydrochloric acid (0.1 M HCl) to adjust the pH to 1.5–2.0, which facilitates the formation of peroxotungstate complexes.
- Reaction Time:
- Continue stirring for 2 hours to ensure complete dissolution of APT.
- Solution Properties:
- The final solution should be a bright yellow transparent liquid.
- UV-Vis analysis shows a characteristic absorption peak in the range of 350–420 nm, corresponding to the absorption of peroxotungstate complexes.
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