Specific Application Cases of Ammonium Paratungstate (APT) Dissolved in Hydrogen Peroxide (H₂O₂)

Case 1: Preparation of Nanostructured Tungsten Trioxide (WO₃)

• • Objective: To use APT and H₂O₂ reaction products to generate peroxotungstate, followed by heat treatment to produce nanostructured WO₃.
  • Steps:
    1. The resulting yellow peroxotungstate solution is evaporated and concentrated to a paste-like consistency.
    2. The paste is then calcined at 400°C for 2 hours.
    3. The product is a light yellow WO₃ nanopowder.
  • Results:

1. • • X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms the product is a single-phase WO₃.
     • Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show uniform particle sizes of approximately 20–50 nm.

1. • Applications:

The WO₃ nanoparticles can be used in electrochromic devices, photocatalysts, or gas-sensing sensors.

Case 2: Oxidation Catalysis in Organic Synthesis

• • • • Objective: To use the peroxotungstate as a catalyst in the epoxidation reaction of alkenes.
      • Experimental Conditions:

1. • • Substrate: Cyclohexene (10 mmol)
     • Oxidant: Hydrogen peroxide (30%, 5 mL)
     • Catalyst: Peroxotungstate solution (from APT + H₂O₂ reaction) 2 mL
     • Solvent: Acetonitrile (20 mL)
     • Temperature: 50°C
     • Reaction Time: 6 hours

1. • Results:

• • • The yield of cyclohexene oxide reached 85%.
    • The catalytic system demonstrated good selectivity and reaction efficiency.

Case 3: Preparation of Photoelectrical Thin Films

• • • • Objective: To prepare WO₃ thin films with transparent conductive properties for photoelectrical devices.
      • Experimental Steps:
        1. The peroxotungstate solution is applied to a clean glass substrate via spin coating.
        2. After drying, the film is calcined at 450°C for 1 hour to form a dense WO₃ thin film.
      • Results:

1. • • The thin film exhibited good optical transparency and conductive properties.
     • The photoelectric conversion efficiency increased by approximately 15%, making it suitable for solar cells or electrochromic devices.

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