Tungsten disulfide (WS₂) is an inorganic compound composed of one tungsten atom and two sulfur atoms, forming a layered hexagonal crystal structure similar to molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂). Its density is a fundamental physical property that reflects the mass per unit volume of the material. The theoretical density of WS₂, based on its crystalline structure, is approximately 7.5 g/cm³. This value is derived from its molar mass (247.98 g/mol, with tungsten at 183.84 g/mol and sulfur at 32.07 g/mol each) and the volume occupied by its unit cell in the hexagonal lattice.
The high density of WS₂ is largely attributable to the heavy tungsten atom, which has an atomic mass significantly greater than that of sulfur. In its natural form, WS₂ occurs as the mineral tungstite, though synthetic WS₂ is more commonly studied and used. The density can vary slightly depending on the synthesis method (e.g., hydrothermal or sol-gel) and the degree of crystallinity or impurities present. For instance, nanomaterials like WS₂ nanosheets may exhibit apparent densities lower than 7.5 g/cm³ due to porosity or incomplete packing, but the intrinsic density of the bulk crystalline material remains consistent.
In practical applications, such as solid lubricants or coatings, the density influences how WS₂ interacts with substrates. Its relatively high density compared to lighter lubricants like graphite (2.26 g/cm³) means it settles more readily in suspensions, affecting its dispersion in liquid media. However, this property also contributes to its stability under high-pressure conditions, such as in mechanical systems where it reduces friction. Experimental measurements, such as those using pycnometry or X-ray diffraction to determine unit cell parameters, consistently support the 7.5 g/cm³ value for pure, bulk WS₂.
The density is not significantly affected by temperature under standard conditions, as WS₂ remains solid and stable up to its decomposition point (more on this later). Compared to other transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), WS₂’s density is higher than MoS₂ (5.06 g/cm³) due to tungsten’s greater atomic mass, making it a denser material within this class. Understanding its density is critical for applications in composites, where it impacts weight and volume considerations, and in theoretical modeling of its behavior under load.
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