The oxidation method is another common industrial route that is relatively simple and cost-effective. The principle is to convert tungstate salts into ammonium metatungstate under acidic conditions:
- Solution Preparation: Sodium tungstate (Na₂WO₄) is used as the raw material, dissolved in water to form a solution.
- Acidification Reaction: Slowly add an acid (such as nitric acid HNO₃ or hydrochloric acid HCl) to adjust the pH to 2-3. At this point, tungstate ions aggregate into poly-tungstate clusters, forming the precursor to AMT.
- Evaporation Crystallization: Heat and evaporate the solution, controlling the temperature at 80-100°C, causing AMT to precipitate.
- Post-treatment: Filter, wash, and dry the precipitate to obtain AMT powder.
The reaction of the acidification method can be represented by the simplified chemical formula:
Advantages: The method has simple equipment and is suitable for large-scale production.
Disadvantages: The acidification process may introduce impurities (such as residual Na⁺), requiring additional purification steps. Additionally, the choice of acid significantly affects the outcome. Nitric acid is often preferred over hydrochloric acid due to its lower volatility and fewer residues.
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