The ductility of tungsten wire is relatively poor, especially at room temperature, pure tungsten is brittle and has a high ductility-brittle transition temperature (DBTT). However, through a series of treatments and alloying methods, the ductility of tungsten wire can be improved to a certain extent.
First of all, from the perspective of the material itself, tungsten is a refractory metal with a high melting point, high density, and high hardness. These characteristics enable tungsten to maintain stable performance in many harsh environments such as high temperature and high pressure. But at the same time, it also leads to the problem of poor ductility of tungsten at room temperature.
In order to improve the ductility of tungsten wire, researchers have adopted a variety of methods. Among them, alloying with rhenium is the only known reliable method to improve the ductility of tungsten by alloying. The addition of rhenium can reduce the Peierls stress of tungsten and form a solid solution of tungsten and rhenium through solution softening, thereby promoting additional slip planes and improving the ductility of tungsten. However, the low availability and high cost of rhenium limit its widespread application.
In addition to alloying, the ductility of tungsten wire can also be improved by methods such as thermomechanical processing, cold treatment, and changing the microstructure of tungsten wire. For example, rolling at a temperature below the recrystallization temperature can reduce the DBTT of tungsten from more than 700℃ to less than 300℃. In addition, the use of ultrafine particles or nanocrystalline microstructures is also a promising method, because fine grains and uniform microstructures help to improve the ductility of the material.
Nevertheless, it should be noted that even after these treatments, the ductility of tungsten wire is still not comparable to that of some other metals. Therefore, when applying tungsten wire, it is necessary to fully consider its ductility limitations and take corresponding measures to avoid problems caused by insufficient ductility.
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