The performance of tungsten wire changes significantly under extreme temperatures, which mainly depends on the temperature and the specific environment in which the tungsten wire is located. The following is a detailed analysis of the performance changes of tungsten wire under extreme high and low temperatures:
- Performance changes under extreme high temperatures
Oxidation reaction:
When tungsten wire is exposed to an environment above 400°C, the oxidation reaction begins to accelerate significantly. As the temperature rises further, the oxidation rate increases, and a layer of yellow tungsten oxide (WO₃) gradually forms on the surface of tungsten.
In the range of 400°C to 600°C, the formation of tungsten oxide is relatively slow; above 700°C, the oxidation rate increases significantly, the oxide layer becomes thicker and gradually leads to the embrittlement of the tungsten wire, which may eventually lead to material failure.
Reduced mechanical properties:
Oxidation causes tungsten wire to become brittle, thereby reducing its tensile strength and toughness.
Reduced conductivity:
The formation of an oxide layer affects the conductivity of tungsten wire, increasing its resistance.
Protective measures:
When using tungsten wire at high temperatures, it is usually necessary to operate in an inert gas (such as argon) or vacuum environment to avoid oxidation.
The use of anti-oxidation coatings (such as hafnium and silicide coatings) can effectively delay the oxidation of tungsten and extend its service life.
- Performance changes at extremely low temperatures
Resistivity reduction:
In ultra-low temperature environments, the resistivity of tungsten wire decreases as the temperature decreases. This is because the movement of electrons inside the material is less restricted under low temperature conditions.
Superconductivity:
When the temperature drops to extremely low, tungsten wire may exhibit superconductivity, that is, the resistance becomes zero. This phenomenon is of great value in scientific research and practical applications.
The influence of purity and crystal structure:
The purity of tungsten wire has a significant effect on its ultra-low temperature resistance. High-purity tungsten wire has lower resistivity at low temperatures.
Tungsten wires with a tighter crystal structure exhibit better conductivity at low temperatures.
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