In petroleum refining, hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts are used to remove sulfides from crude oil, reducing pollutant emissions. Ammonium metatungstate (AMT) is an ideal precursor for preparing high-performance tungsten-based catalysts. The preparation process typically involves:
- Dissolving AMT in water to form a high-concentration tungstate solution.
- Mixing with a support such as alumina (Al₂O₃) or silica (SiO₂), and adding nickel (Ni) or molybdenum (Mo) salts to form a composite.
- Impregnation, drying, and calcination to produce Ni-W or Mo-W catalysts.
AMT’s high water solubility ensures uniform dispersion on the support, leading to evenly distributed active sites. Compared to ammonium paratungstate (APT), AMT eliminates the need for acidification or decomposition steps, simplifying the process. For example, a refinery using AMT-derived Ni-W catalysts achieved a desulfurization efficiency of over 95%, surpassing traditional methods.
AMT is also used to prepare oxidation catalysts and photocatalysts. For instance, in methanol oxidation to formaldehyde, AMT serves as a tungsten source, combined with iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) to form catalysts. Additionally, AMT-derived WO₃ shows potential in photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production due to its bandgap (approximately 2.6 eV), which is suitable for visible light absorption.
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