Standard-purity molybdenum foil (99% – 99.9% purity) contains trace impurities (e.g., carbon, oxygen, iron, silicon) at 100-10000 ppm, produced via conventional smelting and rolling, offering lower costs than high-purity foil. Its physical properties are slightly inferior, with a density of 10.28 g/cm³, tensile strength of 450-650 MPa, hardness of 140-180 HV, and lower ductility (elongation 8-15%). It has poor toughness at low temperatures, prone to brittle fracture. At high temperatures (above 1000°C), creep resistance is acceptable but shows higher creep rates near 2000°C. Chemically, it resists dilute acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid) and alkalis at room temperature but is sensitive to oxidizing acids (e.g., concentrated nitric acid). Above 600°C in oxidizing environments, it forms MoO₃, requiring vacuum or inert gas protection. Impurities may cause grain boundary corrosion or localized oxidation, reducing corrosion and oxidation resistance compared to high-purity foil. Fatigue strength is ~200-300 MPa, suitable for moderate cyclic loads. Standard-purity foil is used in general high-temperature furnace components, chemical equipment (e.g., acid-resistant containers), and low-end molds, offering cost-effectiveness but underperforming in precision or extreme environments like semiconductor manufacturing. Surface quality is inferior, often improved by polishing or acid washing. Purity is controlled via chemical analysis to meet general requirements.
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