The rolling process is a primary method for preparing molybdenum foil, transforming molybdenum billets into thin sheets via hot and cold rolling to meet diverse performance needs. Initially, molybdenum billets (purity ≥99.9%), typically from powder metallurgy, are selected with a density near 10.28 g/cm³. Hot rolling occurs at 1200-1600°C, softening the billet for multi-pass rolling to reduce thickness to 1-5 mm, yielding larger grains, good ductility (elongation 15-20%), and tensile strength of 500-700 MPa. Post-hot rolling, surface oxides are removed by acid washing. Cold rolling, performed at room temperature or low temperatures (<300°C), further thins the sheet to 0.1-1 mm, with work hardening refining grains, increasing tensile strength to 800-1000 MPa and hardness to 160-200 HV, but reducing ductility (elongation 5-10%). Post-cold rolling, annealing (800-1200°C) relieves stress, restoring ductility. Surface polishing or acid washing ensures smoothness (roughness Ra<0.1 μm). The rolling process offers high precision and suits mass production but risks microcracks in cold rolling, requiring precise deformation control. Oxidation above 600°C necessitates vacuum protection. Quality control includes thickness measurement, mechanical testing, and microscopic analysis. Rolled molybdenum foil is widely used in semiconductor substrates, high-temperature furnace components, and aerospace parts, with properties tailored by process adjustments.
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