For making molybdenum crucibles are mainly based on molybdenum. The specific raw materials and auxiliary materials depend on the manufacturing process and crucible type. The following are commonly used raw materials and related descriptions:
- Main raw materials
High purity molybdenum powder
Uses: Starting material for powder metallurgy processes such as sintering molybdenum crucibles.
Purity: 99.95% or higher (high purity molybdenum) is usually required to ensure the chemical stability, high temperature resistance and low impurity contamination of the crucible.
Source: Produced from molybdenum concentrate (molybdenite, MoS ₂) by roasting, chemical purification and reduction process.
Features: Uniform particle size (usually 1-10 microns), suitable for compression molding.
Molybdenum billets (rods, plates or sheets)
Application: Used for forging, spinning or welding molybdenum crucibles, formed by machining (such as turning, spinning) or welding.
Purity: Also required to be above 99.95% to ensure high temperature strength and corrosion resistance.
Source: Molybdenum powder is sintered and then forged or rolled into bars, plates or sheets.
Features: High density (close to the theoretical density of 10.2 g/cm³), excellent mechanical properties.
Molybdenum alloy raw materials
Application: To manufacture molybdenum alloy crucibles (such as Mo-W, Mo-La) to improve creep resistance or oxidation resistance.
Element:
Molybdenum powder or molybdenum blank (matrix).
Doping elements: tungsten (W), lanthanum (La ₂ O ₃), rhenium (Re), etc., usually added in the form of powder or compound.
Purity: The molybdenum base still needs to be high -purity, and the doping elements must be precisely controlled in proportion (for example, the La₂O₃ content is 0.3-1%).
Source: Prepared by co-reduction or alloying process.
- Supplementary Materials
Binder (sintering process)
Uses: When powder is pressed into shape, a small amount of binder (such as polyvinyl alcohol, wax) is used to enhance the strength of the green body and facilitate molding.
Features: It needs to be completely volatilized during the sintering process to avoid residual impurities.
Source: Chemical products, high purity is required to prevent contamination.
Protective atmosphere gas
Uses: During sintering or heat treatment, inert gases (such as argon, nitrogen) or reducing gases (such as hydrogen) are used to protect molybdenum from oxidation.
Purity: Usually required to be above 99.999%, ensuring there is no oxygen or water vapor.
Source: Industrial Gas Suppliers.
Surface coating material (optional)
Uses: To improve the anti-oxidation or anti-corrosion properties of crucibles, commonly used in special purpose crucibles.
Material:
Alumina (Al₂O₃), zirconium oxide (ZrO₂) or silicide coatings.
Precursors for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or plasma spraying (e.g. silane, titanium tetrachloride).
Source: High-purity chemical raw materials or ceramic powders.
Die material (pressing or forging)
Application: used for powder pressing or crucible forming, requiring resistance to high temperature and high pressure.
Materials: Graphite dies (for sintering), steel or carbide (for forging/spinning).
Source: Industrial mold manufacturing.
- Raw material quality requirements
High purity: Molybdenum raw materials need to have low impurities (especially carbon, oxygen, iron, and nitrogen) to ensure that the crucible does not release pollutants at high temperatures, making it suitable for high-demand applications such as semiconductors and aerospace.
Consistency: The particle size of molybdenum powder and the density of blanks must be uniform to ensure the stable performance of the crucible.
Traceability: Suppliers are required to provide chemical analysis certificates for raw materials to ensure compliance with process standards.
- Impact of manufacturing process on raw materials
Sintered crucible: Mainly relies on high-purity molybdenum powder, and needs to control powder particle size and binder residue.
Forging/spinning crucible: Use high-density molybdenum billet and ensure that the billet has no internal defects.
Welding crucible: Molybdenum plate needs high toughness and welding performance, and auxiliary materials (such as welding wire) need to be compatible with molybdenum.
Alloy crucible: doping elements need to be precisely proportioned to avoid affecting thermal conductivity or chemical stability.
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