Molybdenum crucible plays a vital role in crystal growth equipment. It is not only a container for high-temperature melt, but also one of the core components for controlling temperature field and crystal quality. In the growth process of sapphire, oxide crystals, nitrides, carbides, rare earth crystals, etc., the structure, performance and processing accuracy of molybdenum crucible will directly affect the stability, uniformity and final product quality of crystal growth.
- The main role of molybdenum crucible in crystal growth
- High temperature melt container
Molybdenum crucible is the direct carrier of molten raw materials (such as alumina, yttrium oxide, aluminum nitride, etc.) during the crystal growth process. It maintains structural stability in a high temperature environment and withstands long-term heating.
Applicable temperature: above 2000°C (vacuum or inert gas environment)
Molten environment: non-polluting, non- reactive (high purity molybdenum material)
- Temperature field controller
Molybdenum has good thermal conductivity. The shape, thickness and relative position of the crucible to the heater will significantly affect the temperature field distribution of the melt, thereby controlling the growth rate, interface shape and defect density of the crystal.
- Thermodynamic equilibrium stabilizer
Molybdenum crucibles can reduce melt fluctuations, inhibit thermal convection instability, and help achieve a smooth growth interface, which is a necessary condition for high-quality crystals (such as low-dislocation sapphire, YAG, LuAG, etc.).
- Physical barriers to growth atmosphere
Molybdenum crucible can effectively isolate the external atmosphere from the melt, prevent atmospheric impurities from entering the crystal, and ensure the purity and structural integrity of the crystal.
- Application Examples in Typical Crystal Growth Equipment
- Czochralski Method
Applicable crystals: sapphire, YAG, Gd ₃ Ga ₅ O ₁₂, etc.
Molybdenum crucible is used to load molten oxide, and cooperates with tungsten heater and reflective screen to form a thermal field system.
Control the temperature gradient to ensure stable seed “pulling”
- Horizontal Directional Solidification (HDS) / Bandpass Method
Applied crystals: Aluminum nitride (AlN), Silicon carbide (SiC)
Molybdenum crucibles provide an inert, high temperature, non-polluting environment
Used with graphite structures in directional temperature control systems
- Bridgman Method
Applied crystals: CdTe, Ga₂O₃, alumina, etc.
The molybdenum crucible holds the raw material and moves slowly along the temperature gradient to achieve crystal solidification.
- Floating Zone
Although crucibles are not used, molybdenum crucibles are still required as high-temperature reaction vessels in some pre-melting charging or impurity purification steps.
- Advantages of Molybdenum Crucible in Crystal Growth
Extremely high melting point (3410°C), resistant to extreme temperature conditions
High purity (>99.95%), ensuring that the crystal is not contaminated by impurities
Excellent thermal conductivity, easy to build a stable temperature field
Good mechanical strength and thermal shock resistance, no deformation during long-term operation at high temperature
Adapt to vacuum/inert atmosphere, no oxidation or volatilization
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