Table of Contents
Preface
Preface and Structural Description of the Encyclopedia of Tungsten Hexachloride
Chapter 1: Overview of Tungsten Hexachloride
1.1 Overview of the Chemical and Physical Properties of Tungsten Hexachloride
1.2 Historical Discovery and Development of Tungsten Hexachloride
1.3 The Key Role of Tungsten Hexachloride in Materials Science
1.4 Market Status and Prospects of Tungsten Hexachloride
Chapter 2: Physical and Chemical Properties of Tungsten Hexachloride
2.1 Molecular Structure and Electronic Properties of Tungsten Hexachloride
2.2 Thermodynamic and Kinetic Properties of Tungsten Hexachloride
2.3 Spectral Characteristics Analysis of Tungsten Hexachloride
2.4 Chemical Reactivity and Stability of Tungsten Hexachloride
Chapter 3: Synthesis Technology of Tungsten Hexachloride
3.1 Chlorination Synthesis of Tungsten Hexachloride
3.2 Gas Phase Synthesis and Purification of Tungsten Hexachloride
3.3 Electrochemical and Plasma Synthesis of Tungsten Hexachloride
3.4 Green Optimization of Tungsten Hexachloride Synthesis Process
Chapter 4: Production Process of Tungsten Hexachloride
4.1 Industrial Production Process of Tungsten Hexachloride
4.2 Quality Control Technology in Tungsten Hexachloride Production
4.3 Tungsten Hexachloride Production By-products and Waste Gas Treatment
4.4 Cost and Scale of Tungsten Hexachloride Production
Chapter 5: Application Fields of Tungsten Hexachloride
5.1 Application in Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
5.2 Application in Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD)
5.3 Use as a Precursor of Nanomaterials
5.4 Use in Catalyst Preparation
5.5 Application in Semiconductor Manufacturing
5.6 Application in Optical and Functional Coatings
5.7 Application in Energy Materials
5.8 Application in Organic Synthesis and Fine Chemicals
Chapter 6: Analysis and Detection of Tungsten Hexachloride
6.1 Chemical Composition Analysis Technology
6.2 Structural and Morphological Characterization Methods
6.3 Volatility and Purity Detection
6.4 Environmental and Safety Monitoring
Chapter 7: Storage and Transportation of Tungsten Hexachloride
7.1 Storage Conditions and Requirements
7.2 Transportation Regulations and Packaging Standards
7.3 Stability and Degradation Risk
7.4 Leakage and Emergency Treatment
Chapter 8: Safety and Regulations of Tungsten Hexachloride
8.1 Toxicity and Health Risk Assessment
8.2 Occupational Health and Safety Standards
8.3 Environmental Regulatory Compliance
8.4 MSDS and Product Certification
Chapter 9: Environment and Sustainability of Tungsten Hexachloride
9.1 Environmental Impact Assessment
9.2 Green Production Technology Development
9.3 Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery
9.4 Carbon Footprint and Emission Reduction Strategy
Chapter 10: Future Research and Prospects
10.1 New Synthesis Methods Exploration
10.2 Application Potential in Emerging Fields
10.3 Intelligent and Digital Integration
10.4 Global Technical Cooperation and Challenges
10.5 Future Development Trends and Suggestions
Appendix
Tungsten Hexachloride Terms and Abbreviations
Tungsten Hexachloride References
Tungsten Hexachloride Data Sheet
Tungsten Hexachloride Related Patents and Standards
Preface
Preface and structural description of the Encyclopedia of Tungsten Hexachloride
Tungsten hexachloride (WCl6) is a highly volatile and chemically active transition metal chloride with a molecular weight of 412.52 g/mol, a melting point of about 275°C, and a boiling point of about 346°C. It has a wide range of applications in materials science, chemical industry, and semiconductor technology. With its high purity (>99.9%) and excellent chemical properties, WCl6 is used as a key precursor in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and atomic layer deposition (ALD) processes to prepare high-performance tungsten-based films (~5–10 nm), which are widely used in integrated circuits, hard coatings, and nanomaterials. In addition, WCl6 shows significant advantages as a chlorinating agent in catalyst catalysis, olefin catalytic reactions (yield ~90%), and fine chemicals . However, its high reactivity (e.g., reacting with water to form HCl and WOCl4) poses challenges to production, storage, and safety management, requiring systematic technical support and environmental compliance measures.
With the growing global demand for high-performance materials, the market demand for WCl6 has steadily increased, with global annual production of about 1,000 tons in 2023, and it is widely used in semiconductors (~50%), energy materials (~20%), and catalysis (~15%). At the same time, the environmental impact of WCl6 production (carbon footprint ~50 kg CO2e/kg) and resource efficiency (W recovery rate ~90%) have become research hotspots, and the needs of green manufacturing and sustainable development have promoted the development of new synthesis methods (such as plasma-assisted synthesis) and recycling technologies. In addition, intelligent technologies (such as AI-optimized CVD processes) and global standardization (ISO 17025) provide new opportunities for the industrial upgrading of WCl6.
*Encyclopedia of Tungsten Hexachloride* aims to provide a comprehensive and authoritative technical reference for academia, industry and policy makers, systematically sorting out the physical and chemical properties, synthesis and production technology, application fields, safety regulations, environmental impact and future development trends of WCl6. With scientific rigor and practicality as the core, this encyclopedia covers all aspects from basic theory to industrial practice, and strives to provide solid support for the research and development, application and policy making of WCl6.
Goal and significance
- Technology integration : Bringing together the latest research results of WCl6 (such as ALD film thickness control error <0.5 nm) and industrial practice experience (such as production cost ~200 USD/kg) to promote technological innovation.
- Application guidance : Provide WCl6 application solutions for semiconductor, energy, catalysis and other fields (such as WCl6 increasing the capacity of batteries by ~250 mAh /g).
- Environmental protection and compliance : Analyze the environmental impact of WCl6 (HCl emissions <10 ppm) and regulatory requirements (such as REACH registration) to promote green manufacturing and sustainable development.
- Global Vision : Explore the international cooperation and market prospects of WCl6 (demand is expected to reach 2,000 tons in 2030) and promote technology sharing and standardization.
Structure Description
This encyclopedia is divided into ten chapters and four appendices, and is organized as follows:
- Overview of tungsten hexachloride : an introduction to WCl6’s chemical properties (density ~3.52 g/cm³), history, role in materials science, and market status.
- Physical and chemical properties of tungsten hexachloride : details of molecular structure (octahedral, W-Cl bond length ~2.26 Å), thermodynamics ( ΔH°f ~-860 kJ/mol), spectrum and reactivity.
- Synthesis technology of tungsten hexachloride : explore the chlorination method (W+Cl2, ~600°C), gas phase method and other green synthesis routes.
- Production process of tungsten hexachloride : analysis of industrial production process, quality control (purity>99.8%), waste gas treatment and cost optimization.
- Application areas of tungsten hexachloride : covering eight major applications including CVD/ALD, nanomaterials, catalysts, semiconductors, optical coatings, energy materials and organic synthesis.
- Analysis and detection of tungsten hexachloride : introduction to chemical analysis (ICP-MS), structural characterization (XRD, SEM) and safety monitoring technology.
- Storage and transportation of tungsten hexachloride : explains storage conditions (inert atmosphere, <25°C), transportation regulations (UN 3260) and emergency measures.
- Safety and regulations of tungsten hexachloride : assessing toxicity (LD50~500 mg/kg), occupational safety (OSHA<0.1 mg/m³), regulations and MSDS ( China Tungsten Intelligent Manufacturing example).
- Environmental and sustainability of tungsten hexachloride : analysis of LCA (GWP ~ 50 kg CO2e/kg), green production, waste treatment and emission reduction strategies.
- Future research and prospects of tungsten hexachloride : Prospects for new synthesis, intelligent integration and global cooperation (market in 2035 ~ US$200 million).
- Appendix : includes glossary (eg, WCl6, CVD), references, data sheets (eg, purity>99.9%), patents and standards.
Target Audience
- Researchers : Scholars in the fields of materials, chemistry, and nanotechnology who need to have a deep understanding of the physical and chemical properties and cutting-edge applications of WCl6.
- Engineers : Practitioners in the semiconductor, chemical, and energy industries, seeking technical optimization for WCl6 production and application.
- Policymakers : Pay attention to the environmental impact, safety regulations and industrial policy making of WCl6.
- Students : Undergraduate and graduate students majoring in chemistry and materials science, to acquire systematic knowledge of WCl6.
Usage Guidelines
- Chapter Navigation : The chapters are arranged in a logical order. It is recommended to start reading from Chapter 1 and gradually go deeper. Application stakeholders can directly refer to Chapter 5.
- Data reference : Appendix 3 provides WCl6 data sheets (eg, boiling point ~ 346 ° C, GWP ~ 50 kg CO2e/kg) for easy verification and application.
- Terminology Lookup : Appendix 1 contains terms and abbreviations (such as ALD, REACH) to facilitate the understanding of professional terms.
- Regulatory Compliance : Chapter 8 and Appendix 4 provide information on regulations and standards to help industry comply with regulations .
This encyclopedia strives to be scientifically accurate, with data up to June 2025, covering the latest developments in the field of WCl6. We look forward to providing readers with comprehensive guidance and promoting the innovation and sustainable development of tungsten hexachloride technology.
READ MORE: Encyclopedia of Tungsten Hexachloride
Customized R&D and Production of Tungsten, Molybdenum Products
Chinatungsten Online and CTIA GROUP LTD have been working in the tungsten industry for nearly 30 years, specializing in flexible customization of tungsten and molybdenum products worldwide, which are tungsten and molybdenum design, R&D, production, and overall solution integrators with high visibility and credibility worldwide.
Chinatungsten Online and CTIA GROUP LTD provide products mainly including: tungsten oxide products, such as tungstates such as APT/WO3; tungsten powder and tungsten carbide powder; tungsten metal products such as tungsten wire, tungsten ball, tungsten bar, tungsten electrode, etc.; high-density alloy products, such as dart rods, fishing sinkers, automotive tungsten crankshaft counterweights, mobile phones, clocks and watches, tungsten alloy shielding materials for radioactive medical equipment, etc.; tungsten silver and tungsten copper products for electronic appliances. Cemented carbide products include cutting tools such as cutting, grinding, milling, drilling, planing, wear-resistant parts, nozzles, spheres, anti-skid spikes, molds, structural parts, seals, bearings, high-pressure and high-temperature resistant cavities, top hammers, and other standard and customized high-hardness, high-strength, strong acid and alkali resistant high-performance products. Molybdenum products include molybdenum oxide, molybdenum powder, molybdenum and alloy sintering materials, molybdenum crucibles, molybdenum boats, TZM, TZC, molybdenum wires, molybdenum heating belts, molybdenum spouts, molybdenum copper, molybdenum tungsten alloys, molybdenum sputtering targets, sapphire single crystal furnace components, etc.
For more information about tungsten chemical products please visit the website: tungsten-powder.com
If you are interested in related products, please contact us:
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com
Tel: +86 592 5129696 / 86 592 5129595
