The early applications of tungsten-nickel-iron alloy are closely linked to the military field. During World War II, due to its high density characteristics, it was widely used in the manufacture of armor-piercing projectile cores. Compared with the traditional steel projectile cores, the tungsten-nickel-iron alloy projectile cores can have stronger penetration at the same speed, which greatly improved the combat effectiveness of weapons and became one of the key materials for anti-tank weapons at that time. This application not only promoted the surge in demand for the alloy, but also promoted the rapid development of related production technologies.
In terms of technological progress, the early stage mainly focused on improving the alloy density and performance stability. The initial preparation process was relatively simple, using coarser powder particles, and the control of sintering temperature and time was not precise enough, resulting in more pores in the alloy and large performance fluctuations. To solve these problems, scientists have continuously optimized the powder preparation process, obtained finer tungsten powder, nickel powder and iron powder by improving the grinding technology, and made the particle distribution more uniform. At the same time, the sintering process was adjusted, and the sintering temperature (usually 1400 – 1600℃) and holding time were precisely controlled to promote full diffusion and bonding between particles, effectively improving the density and mechanical properties of the alloy.
After the war, its applications gradually expanded to the aerospace field. In early spacecraft, its high density characteristics were used to make counterweight components to ensure the balance and stability of the spacecraft during flight. In terms of technology, people began to explore the influence of different composition ratios on alloy performance, and developed alloy models suitable for different scenarios by adjusting the content of tungsten, nickel and iron. For example, to meet the higher requirements of spacecraft for material strength and toughness, alloy formulas with higher nickel and iron content were developed. In addition, mechanical processing technology has also made progress, enabling the alloy to be processed into more complex shapes, expanding its application in precision components.
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