Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Overview of Tungsten Copper Alloy
1.1.1 Definition of Tungsten Copper Alloy
1.1.2 Alloy Composition
1.2 Historical Origin and Development Process of Tungsten Copper Alloy
1.2.1 Early Exploration
1.2.2 Key Technology Breakthrough Nodes
1.2.3 Modern Development Trend
Chapter 2 Characteristics of Tungsten Copper Alloy
2.1 Analysis of the Characteristics of Tungsten Copper Alloy
2.1.1 High Hardness Formation Mechanism and Advantages
2.1.1.1 Microstructure Mechanism
2.1.1.2 Advantages of Wear-Resistant Applications
2.1.1.3 Hardness Comparison and Advantages with Other Alloys
2.1.2 Principle and Performance of Arc Erosion Resistance
2.1.2.1 Arc Erosion Mechanism
2.1.2.2 Intrinsic Principle of Arc Erosion Resistance
2.1.2.3 Performance Differences in Different Usage Environments
2.1.2.4 Ways to Improve Performance
2.1.3 Analysis of Anti-Adhesion and Anti-Welding Capabilities
2.1.3.1 Causes of Adhesion and Welding
2.1.3.2 Anti-Adhesion Performance
2.1.3.3 Factors Affecting Anti-Adhesion and Anti-Welding Capabilities
2.1.4 Principle and Application of Excellent Conductivity
2.1.4.1 Physical Nature and Conduction Mechanism of Conductivity
2.1.4.2 Changes in Conductivity at Different Component Ratios
2.1.4.3 Advantages of Conductive Applications in Electrical Equipment
2.1.5 Good Thermal Conductivity
2.1.5.1 Basic Principles of Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Conduction Mechanism
2.1.5.2 Relationship between Thermal Conductivity and Heat Dissipation Effect
2.1.5.3 Application Value of Thermal Conductivity in High Temperature Working Environment
2.1.6 Corrosion Resistance and Mechanism
2.1.6.1 Influence of Different Corrosion Environments
2.1.6.2 Internal Mechanism of Corrosion Resistance
2.1.6.3 Technical Means to Improve Corrosion Resistance
2.2 Effect of Component Ratio on Properties of Tungsten Copper Alloy
2.2.1 Effect on Mechanical Properties
2.2.1.1 Effect on Hardness
2.2.1.2 Impact on Strength
2.2.1.3 Impact on Toughness
2.2.2 Impact on Physical Properties
2.2.2.1 Impact on Density
2.2.2.2 Effect on Melting Point
2.2.2.3 Influence on Thermal Expansion Coefficient
2.2.2.4 Effect on Conductivity
2.2.2.5 Effect on Thermal Conductivity
2.2.3 Impact on Chemical Properties
2.2.3.1 Effect on Corrosion Resistance
2.2.3.2 Effect on High Temperature Oxidation Resistance
2.3 CTIA GROUP LTD Tungsten Copper Alloy MSDS
Chapter 3 Correlation between Microstructure and Properties of Tungsten Copper Alloy
3.1 Insights into the Microstructural Characteristics of Tungsten-Copper Alloy
3.1.1 Grain Morphology and Size
3.1.2 Phase Distribution and Interface
3.1.3 Porosity and Defect Manifestation
3.1.4 Structural Differences under Different Preparation Processes
3.2 The Intrinsic Relationship between the Microstructure and Performance of Tungsten Copper Alloy
3.2.1 Mechanism of Effect of Grain Structure on Strength
3.2.2 Mechanism of the Effect of Grain Structure on Toughness
3.2.3 Correlation between Phase Distribution and Conductivity
3.2.4 Correlation between Phase Distribution and Thermal Conductivity
3.2.5 Effect of Pores and Defects on Hardness
3.2.6 Effect of Pores and Defects on Corrosion Resistance
3.3 Evolution of the Microstructure of Tungsten-Copper Alloy
3.3.1 Evolution Caused by Changes in Composition Ratios
3.3.2 Structural Transformation during Heat Treatment
3.3.3 Feedback of the Usage Environment on the Structure
3.3.4 Feedback from the Usage Environment on Performance
3.4 Control Strategy of Tungsten-Copper Alloy Microstructure
3.4.1 Control Methods Based on Preparation Process
3.4.2 Optimization Methods of Alloying Element Addition
3.4.3 Relationship between Structural Regulation and Performance
Chapter 4 Preparation Technology of Tungsten Copper Alloy
4.1 Preparation of Tungsten-Copper Alloy by Vacuum Infiltration
4.1.1 Melt Infiltration Principle and Equipment Requirements
4.1.2 Process Steps and Parameter Optimization
4.1.3 Advantages and Limitations of the Process
Chapter 5 Performance Testing and Characterization Methods of Tungsten Copper Alloy
5.1 Physical Properties Test of Tungsten Copper Alloy
5.1.1 Density Test Method
5.1.2 Hardness Test Standards and Operations
5.1.3 Conductivity Test Method
5.1.4 Thermal Conductivity Test Method
5.2 Chemical Property Evaluation of Tungsten Copper Alloy
5.2.1 Corrosion Resistance Test Environment and Methods
5.2.2 Antioxidant Performance Test Method
5.3 Characterization Technology of Tungsten Copper Alloy Microstructure
5.3.1 Metallographic Microscope Observation Method
5.3.2 Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis Application
5.3.3 X-Ray Diffraction Structure Analysis
Chapter 6 Multiple Application Fields of Tungsten Copper Alloy
6.1 Application of Tungsten Copper Alloy in Electrical Field
6.1.1 Application in Low Voltage Power Switches
6.1.1.1 Performance Requirements for Materials of Core Components of Low Voltage Power Switches
6.1.1.2 Application of Tungsten Copper Alloy in Contact Components
6.1.1.3 Effect of Application on the Service Life of Low Voltage Power Switches
6.1.2 Application in High Voltage Switch
6.1.2.1 High-Voltage Switch Working Environment and Material Tolerance Standards of Core Components
6.1.2.2 Tungsten Copper Alloy Meets the Performance Requirements of High-Voltage Switches
6.1.2.3 Application Differences of Tungsten-Copper Alloy in High Voltage Switches of Different Voltage Levels
6.1.3 Application of Relays and Air Circuit Breakers
6.1.3.1 Relay Material Wear Resistance Requirements and Suitability of Tungsten Copper Alloy
6.1.3.2 Installation Location and Function Realization of Tungsten Copper Alloy in Relay
6.1.3.3 Material Performance Requirements for Air Circuit Breaker Arc Extinguishing System
6.1.3.4 Application Principle of Tungsten Copper Alloy in Arc Extinguishing Chamber of Air Circuit Breaker
6.1.3.5 Selection Criteria for Tungsten Copper Alloy in Relays and Air Circuit Breakers
6.1.4 Application in Disconnectors and Earthing Switches
6.1.4.1 Weathering Resistance Requirements for Materials of Disconnectors in Long-Term Exposure Environments
6.1.4.2 Application Design of Tungsten Copper Alloy in the Conductive Contact Part of the Disconnector
6.1.4.3 Material Strength and Conductivity Requirements for Earthing Switches When Subjected to Short-Circuit Currents
6.1.4.4 Mechanism of Tungsten Copper Alloy to Ensure Safe Operation of Grounding Switch
6.1.4.5 Selection Criteria for Tungsten Copper Alloy in Disconnectors and Earthing Switches
6.2 Application of Tungsten Copper Alloy in the Field of Electronics
6.2.1 Performance Requirements of EDM Electrodes and Advantages of Tungsten-Copper Alloy
6.2.1.1 Performance Index Requirements of Electrode Materials for EDM Process
6.2.1.2 Different Electrode Performance Requirements in Different Processing Scenarios
6.2.1.3 Analysis of the Compatibility of Tungsten Copper Alloy in Terms of Conductivity and Wear Resistance
6.2.1.4 Performance Advantages Compared to Traditional Electrode Materials
6.2.1.5 Selection Criteria for Tungsten-Copper Alloy Electrodes in Common EDM Equipment
6.2.2 Role in Microelectronics
6.2.2.1 Requirements for Precision and Stability of Materials for Microelectronic Devices
6.2.2.2 Application of Tungsten Copper Alloy in Microelectronic Packaging
6.2.2.3 Mechanisms for Improving Heat Dissipation Efficiency and Service Life of Microelectronic Devices
6.2.2.4 Design of Mounting Structure in Chip Packaging Module
6.2.2.5 Requirements for Purity and Microstructure of Tungsten-Copper Alloys in the Field of Microelectronics
6.2.3 Application in the Field of Sensors
6.2.3.1 Material Performance Requirements for Sensor Working Environment
6.2.3.2 Potential Applications of Tungsten-Copper Alloy in Sensor Sensing Elements
6.2.3.3 Application Design of Sensor Heat Dissipation Components Based on High Thermal Conductivity
6.3 Application of Tungsten Copper Alloy in Aerospace Field
6.3.1 Application of Solid Rocket Nozzle Throat Lining
6.3.1.1 Working Environment of Solid Rocket Nozzle Throat Liner
6.3.1.2 Requirements for Material Properties of Nozzle Throat Lining
6.3.1.3 Performance of Tungsten Copper Alloy to Meet the Requirements of Nozzle Throat Lining
6.3.1.4 Forming Process and Structural Design of Tungsten Copper Alloy in Nozzle Throat Lining
6.3.1.5 Improvement of Nozzle Throat Lining Service Life after Using Tungsten Copper Alloy
6.3.2 Potential Applications in Aircraft Engine Components
6.3.2.1 Characteristics of the Working Environment of Key Aircraft Engine Components
6.3.2.2 Requirements for Material Properties of Aircraft Engine Components
6.3.2.3 Application of Tungsten Copper Alloy in Hot End Parts of Aircraft Engines
6.3.2.4 Performance Optimization Direction of Tungsten Copper Alloy for Aero-Engine Applications
6.3.3 Application in Spacecraft Electrical Systems
6.3.3.1 Working Environment and Reliability Requirements of Spacecraft Electrical Systems
6.3.3.2 Requirements for Material Properties of Core Components of Spacecraft Electrical Systems
6.3.3.3 Application of Tungsten Copper Alloy in Spacecraft Contactor Contacts
6.3.3.4 Application of Tungsten Copper Alloy in Arc Extinguishing Components of Spacecraft Circuit Breakers
6.3.3.5 Tungsten Copper Alloy Plays an Important Role in Ensuring the Stability and Life of Spacecraft Electrical Systems
6.3.3.6 Material Selection Standards and Quality Control Requirements for Tungsten Copper Alloys in Spacecraft Applications
6.4 Application in Other Fields
6.4.1 Application Scenarios in the Metallurgical Industry
6.4.2 Use Cases in Sports Equipment
6.4.3 Exploration in the Field of Medical Devices
6.4.4 Application Prospects in the Field of Nuclear Energy
Chapter 7 Future Development Trend of Tungsten Copper Alloy
7.1 Exploration of New Preparation Technology of Tungsten Copper Alloy
7.1.1 Potential Applications of Additive Manufacturing Technology
7.1.2 Outlook of Other Cutting-Edge Preparation Technologies
7.2 Research Direction of Performance Optimization of Tungsten Copper Alloy
7.2.1 Research Directions for Improving Comprehensive Performance
7.2.2 Performance Enhancement in Specific Application Scenarios
Appendix
Appendix A China Tungsten Copper Alloy National Standard
Appendix B International Tungsten Copper Alloy Standard
Appendix C Tungsten Copper Alloy Standards in Europe, America, Japan, South Korea and Other Countries
Appendix D Detailed Explanation of Tungsten Copper Alloy Terminology
References
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Overview of Tungsten Copper Alloy
As a composite material composed of tungsten and copper , tungsten copper alloy combines the core advantages of both metals and occupies an irreplaceable position in the industrial field. Tungsten’s high melting point (3422℃), high strength, high hardness and excellent wear resistance complement copper’s high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity and good plasticity, making tungsten copper alloy able to withstand the test of high temperature environment and maintain stable electrical and thermal conductivity. Therefore, it is widely used in many key fields such as electronics, electricity, aerospace, and national defense.
From the perspective of material properties, the performance of tungsten-copper alloy is not a simple superposition of “tungsten + copper”, but through a reasonable composition ratio and preparation process, the performance is optimized and balanced. For example, in a high-temperature environment, the skeleton structure of tungsten can provide support for the alloy and resist high-temperature deformation, while copper can quickly conduct heat through its own thermal conductivity to avoid local overheating; in conductive scenarios, the conductive advantage of copper can be brought into play, and the addition of tungsten improves the overall strength of the alloy, avoiding the problem of pure copper being easy to wear and easy to deform. This “strong combination” feature makes tungsten-copper alloy an ideal material for dealing with complex working conditions.
With the continuous development of industrial technology, the performance requirements of materials are becoming increasingly stringent, and the research and application of tungsten copper alloys are also continuing to deepen. From the initial basic model to the special ratio alloys customized for different scenarios, its application scope is constantly expanding, and its performance is more accurately meeting various industrial needs. Next, we will have a deeper understanding of this special alloy from two aspects: definition and composition.
READ MORE:What Is Tungsten Copper Alloy
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