Tungsten oxide nanoparticles come in a variety of colors, each reflecting different chemical compositions and crystal structures. Here are the main types and their characteristics:
- Yellow Tungsten Oxide Nanoparticles (WO₃)
- Color: Light yellow
- Characteristics: Yellow tungsten oxide is a powder that dissolves slowly in ammonia solution and even more slowly when heated to high temperatures. It is readily reduced by various reducing agents and can be reduced by small amounts of organic substances at room temperature, changing its color. However, it will revert to its original color when heated in air. At temperatures between 700°C and 900°C, tungsten trioxide is easily reduced to metallic tungsten by hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon.
- Applications: Widely used in electronics, catalysis, and optical fields.
- Blue Tungsten Oxide Nanoparticles (WO₂.₉)
- Color: Blue
- Characteristics: Blue tungsten oxide is a non-stoichiometric oxide with the chemical formula WO₂.₉₀. It changes color when exposed to light, becoming a lighter blue, and will revert to its original color if stored in a black opaque bag. Blue tungsten oxide is used in the production of tungsten powder, doped tungsten powders, tungsten bars, and hard alloys, and it also has UV resistance and photocatalytic properties.
- Applications: Important in hard alloys, optical materials, and catalysts.
- Purple Tungsten Oxide Nanoparticles (WO₂.₇₂)
- Color: Purple
- Characteristics: Purple tungsten oxide has a unique morphology and structure compared to other tungsten oxides, with inherent needle-like and plate-like crystal forms. It is relatively easy to obtain through chemical processes, such as reducing tungsten trioxide with hydrogen or carbon monoxide at temperatures between 270°C and 300°C, or by heating tungsten trioxide to 200°C-250°C in a vacuum.
- Applications: Due to its unique properties, purple tungsten oxide is used in various technological and industrial applications, including as a raw material for tungsten powder production.
- Brown Tungsten Oxide Nanoparticles (WO₂)
- Color: Brownish-yellow
- Characteristics: Nano tungsten dioxide is a brownish chocolate-colored powder that changes in moist environments. When heated, its color deepens to dark orange, but it reverts to its original color upon cooling. Tungsten dioxide is produced by reducing tungsten trioxide with hydrogen at 575°C to 600°C, but it quickly oxidizes back to tungsten trioxide in air.
- Applications: Used in catalysts and electronic materials.
In addition to these common colors, tungsten oxide nanoparticles can also be found in white and black forms. The different colors of tungsten oxide nanoparticles reflect variations in their chemical composition, crystal structure, physical properties, and chemical behaviors, leading to diverse applications and values.
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