The WO3-x stoichiometry refers to the non-stoichiometric phenomenon in tungsten trioxide (WO3) caused by oxygen vacancies (i.e., the absence of oxygen atoms). Here, xxx represents the number of missing oxygen atoms, meaning that WO3-x indicates tungsten oxide materials with oxygen content lower than the ideal stoichiometric ratio of WO3.
Characteristics of WO3-x Stoichiometry
- Non-Stoichiometric Nature
In the ideal WO3 stoichiometry, the atomic ratio of tungsten (W) to oxygen (O) is 1:3. However, in WO3-x, the presence of oxygen vacancies reduces the number of oxygen atoms, leading to an atomic ratio of W to O of 1:(3-x). - Role of Oxygen Vacancies
Oxygen vacancies are defects within the material, but they significantly influence the properties of the material. In WO3-x, the presence of oxygen vacancies can introduce new energy levels, altering the electronic structure and optical properties of the material. Oxygen vacancies can also serve as active sites, enhancing the catalytic and electrochemical performance of the material. For example, in lithium batteries, oxygen vacancies can improve the material’s ability to adsorb lithium ions, thereby increasing battery capacity and cycling stability. - Tunable Properties
By controlling the conditions during the synthesis process (such as temperature, atmosphere, and reaction time), the quantity and distribution of oxygen vacancies in WO3-x can be manipulated, allowing for tailored material properties. This tunability makes WO3-x suitable for a wide range of applications. - Wide Application Potential
Due to its unique properties, WO3-x shows potential application value in various fields, including photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, gas sensors, supercapacitors, and lithium batteries. For instance, in photocatalysis, oxygen vacancies can enhance the material’s light absorption capacity, improving photocatalytic efficiency; in lithium batteries, oxygen vacancies can enhance the conductivity and lithium storage capacity of the material.
Considerations
In practical applications, it is essential to select the appropriate WO3-x material and synthesis process based on specific requirements to achieve precise control over the material’s properties.
Additionally, attention should be given to the material’s stability and safety to ensure that it maintains stable performance during long-term use and does not pose risks to the environment or human health.
In summary, the WO3-x stoichiometry refers to the non-stoichiometric phenomenon caused by oxygen vacancies. The introduction of oxygen vacancies into WO3 can significantly alter the material’s properties and expand its application areas.
More details of tungsten oxide product, please visit website: tungsten-oxide.com
Please contact CHINATUNGSTEN for inquiry and order of tungsten oxide:
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129595
