Defect-state tungsten oxide, also known as oxygen vacancy tungsten oxide (WO₃₋ₓ), includes a range of materials with unique properties due to varying oxygen content and the resulting characteristics. Among the most common types are blue tungsten oxide (BTO, WO₂.₉₀) and purple tungsten oxide (VTO, WO₂.₇₂).
- Blue Tungsten Oxide (BTO)
- Color and Origin: Blue tungsten oxide is named for its distinctive blue or bluish-purple hue, which arises under certain conditions due to its unique crystal structure and oxygen deficiencies.
- Properties and Applications: Compared to ordinary tungsten trioxide (WO₃), blue tungsten oxide exhibits superior mechanical, optical, thermal, and electrical properties. This makes it suitable for high-quality energy storage products and photothermal applications. Additionally, blue tungsten oxide can serve as a surface modifier to enhance the overall performance of materials like greenhouse films, improving light transmission and solar radiation absorption.
- Preparation Methods: Common methods for synthesizing blue tungsten oxide include closed calcination of ammonium paratungstate (APT), mild reduction with hydrogen, and intrinsic reduction methods.
- Purple Tungsten Oxide (VTO)
- Color and Morphology: Purple tungsten oxide, also known as γ-tungsten oxide, appears as purple or bluish-purple microcrystalline powder. It is characterized by a high specific surface area and excellent chemical stability.
- Properties and Applications: Purple tungsten oxide possesses notable physical and chemical properties, including the largest mesopore volume, smallest micropore volume, narrowest pore size distribution, smallest fractal dimension, and largest average pore size. This combination of features enables its use in optical materials, electronic components, catalysts, and energy storage batteries. Moreover, due to its moderate bandgap and favorable electrochromic properties, it is well-suited for innovative applications in functional glass, such as electrochromic glass.
- Other Applications: Research has shown that purple tungsten oxide can effectively reduce the internal resistance of lithium-ion batteries and enhance their overall performance. As a modifier for anode materials, it can significantly improve cycle stability and energy density.
Conclusion
Defect-state tungsten oxides, including blue tungsten oxide and purple tungsten oxide, represent significant advancements in material science. Their unique properties open up diverse applications across various fields. As technology continues to progress and new applications emerge, the performance and value of defect-state tungsten oxides are likely to be further explored and enhanced.
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