Tungsten oxide (WO₃) is an essential inorganic compound that exists in several structural forms, primarily classified as α-WO₃, β-WO₃, and γ-WO₃. These structures differ in crystal systems, cell parameters, and properties, enabling diverse applications.
- α-WO₃ Crystal Structure
- Crystal System: Hexagonal.
- Space Group: P3m1.
- Unit Cell Parameters: a=b=7.318 A˚,c=7.444 A˚a = b = 7.318 \, \text{Å}, c = 7.444 \, \text{Å}a=b=7.318A˚,c=7.444A˚.
- Description:
- Each unit cell contains one WO₃ molecule.
- Oxygen atoms form a tetrahedral structure, with the tungsten atom located at the center.
- Color and Properties: Gray-black to deep blue.
- Applications:
- Excellent photoelectric and photocatalytic properties.
- Used in solar cells, photocatalysts, and related energy applications.
- β-WO₃ Crystal Structure
- Crystal System: Trigonal.
- Space Group: P3m1.
- Unit Cell Parameters: a=b=7.332 A˚,c=7.471 A˚a = b = 7.332 \, \text{Å}, c = 7.471 \, \text{Å}a=b=7.332A˚,c=7.471A˚.
- Description:
- Each unit cell contains two WO₃ molecules.
- Color and Properties: Blue appearance.
- Features superior optical, electrical conductivity, and charge transport properties.
- Applications:
- Widely used in UV detectors and electronic devices.
- γ-WO₃ Crystal Structure
- Crystal System: Tetragonal.
- Space Group: I41/amd.
- Unit Cell Parameters: a=b=7.346 A˚,c=9.063 A˚a = b = 7.346 \, \text{Å}, c = 9.063 \, \text{Å}a=b=7.346A˚,c=9.063A˚.
- Description:
- Each unit cell contains four WO₃ molecules.
- The structure features higher porosity along the vertical direction compared to α-WO₃ and β-WO₃.
- Color and Properties: Reddish-brown.
- Applications:
- Suited for catalysts and gas-sensitive sensors due to its unique porosity.
Summary
The structural diversity of tungsten oxide allows it to meet different requirements in applications ranging from energy devices (e.g., solar cells, photocatalysts) to sensors (e.g., UV detectors, gas sensors) and electronics. The structural variations—α-WO₃, β-WO₃, and γ-WO₃—provide distinct physical and chemical properties tailored to specific uses.
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