Experimental Conditions for Dissolution of Ammonium Paratungstate (APT) in Hydrogen Peroxide (H₂O₂)

1. Experimental Conditions:

• Reagents and Materials:
  • Ammonium Paratungstate (APT)
  • Hydrogen Peroxide (H₂O₂) (30% commonly used, other concentrations are also applicable)
  • Distilled Water
  • Stirring Device (Magnetic Stirrer)
  • pH Adjuster (such as Hydrochloric Acid, HCl, as needed)

2. Experimental Steps:

1. Preparation of Hydrogen Peroxide Solution:
   • Take an appropriate amount of 30% H₂O₂ and dilute it with distilled water to the desired concentration (commonly 10%-30%).
2. Dissolution of APT:
   • Place the hydrogen peroxide solution in a beaker and start stirring.
   • Slowly add APT, usually at a ratio of 1 g/50 mL, to prevent violent reactions.
   • During the reaction, the solution will gradually turn yellow, indicating the formation of peroxotungstate.
3. Temperature Control:
   • Room temperature (20–25°C) is sufficient. To speed up the dissolution, the temperature can be slightly increased to 40–50°C, but excessive temperatures should be avoided to prevent the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.
4. pH Adjustment (Optional):
   • Use a small amount of dilute hydrochloric acid (0.1 M HCl) to adjust the pH of the solution to 1–2, which helps in forming a more stable peroxotungstate complex.
5. Filtration and Storage:
   • If there is any undissolved residue, filter the solution using filter paper.
   • The final yellow transparent solution is the peroxotungstate solution, which should be stored in the dark.

3. Reaction Equation: The main reaction between APT and hydrogen peroxide can be represented as:

• (NH₄​)₆​[H₂​W₁₂​O₄₀​]+H_2​O_2​+H⁺→12[WO(O₂​)_2​(OH)]⁻+6NH₄^+​+H_2​O
• APT is oxidized by hydrogen peroxide to form a stable peroxotungstate complex.
• [WO(O_2​)₂​(OH)]⁻ is the primary peroxotungstate anion.

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