The color of tungsten disulfide shows a variety of characteristics, mainly depending on its physical form, crystal structure, and preparation conditions.
In the common bulk form, tungsten disulfide usually shows a gray-black appearance. The formation of this color is due to the absorption and reflection of light by its crystal structure. The tungsten disulfide crystal is composed of tungsten atoms and sulfur atoms through covalent bonds and van der Waals forces. When light shines on the surface of bulk tungsten disulfide, the internal electron cloud of the crystal interacts with the photons. Due to the characteristics of its energy band structure, part of the light in the visible light range is absorbed, and the remaining unabsorbed light is reflected. As a result, it presents a gray-black tone. For example, when observing a bulk tungsten disulfide sample in natural light, among the light reflected from its surface, part of the long-wavelength red light and short-wavelength blue light are absorbed, and the reflection ratio of light of intermediate wavelengths is relatively low. The comprehensive effect makes it show a gray-black visual effect.
When tungsten disulfide is in powder form, its color is generally black or dark gray. The particle size and dispersion state of the powder have a certain influence on the color. If the powder particles are large and there is an obvious agglomeration phenomenon, its color may appear darker and lack luster. This is because the agglomerates of large particles have a more complex scattering and absorption of light, and it is difficult for the light to fully propagate and reflect inside the particles. More light is absorbed, resulting in a darker color. On the contrary, if the powder is nanoscale and evenly dispersed, under specific light conditions, the surface effect of the nanoparticles will make it present a relatively delicate black color, and it may even have a faint luster. This is because the high specific surface area of the nanoparticles and the special properties of the surface atoms change the way of light scattering and reflection, making its appearance color and luster different from those of the conventional powder.
In the form of a thin film, the color of the tungsten disulfide thin film changes with the thickness. When the tungsten disulfide thin film is extremely thin, with a thickness in the range of a few nanometers to tens of nanometers, it may appear transparent or translucent and have a faint yellow or brownish tint. This is because the extremely thin film allows part of the light to pass through, and at the same time, the film has different absorption and scattering of different wavelengths of light. In this thickness range, the film has a relatively strong absorption of short-wavelength light such as blue light, and a weaker absorption of long-wavelength light such as red light, resulting in the transmitted or reflected light presenting a yellowish-brown color. As the thickness of the film gradually increases, the color will gradually darken, transitioning from the translucent yellowish-brown to an opaque state, and finally approaching the gray-black color of the bulk tungsten disulfide. For example, the tungsten disulfide thin film prepared by chemical vapor deposition shows a light yellow color in the initial growth stage when the thickness is relatively small. As the deposition time prolongs and the thickness increases, the color gradually changes to dark gray until it approaches black.
In addition, the color of tungsten disulfide may also vary due to changes in the crystal structure. Different phases of tungsten disulfide, such as the 2H phase, 1T phase, 3R phase, and 1T’ phase, may have slightly different colors due to differences in atomic arrangement and electronic structure. However, this change is difficult to distinguish under normal observation conditions, and usually requires professional optical analysis methods to accurately measure and distinguish the differences in color-related optical properties of different phases of tungsten disulfide.
Customized tungsten disulfide
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