Specific gravity is the ratio of a material’s density to that of water (typically 1 g/cm³ at 4°C). For tungsten disulfide (WS₂), with a density of approximately 7.5 g/cm³, the specific gravity is straightforwardly calculated as 7.5. This dimensionless value indicates that WS₂ is 7.5 times denser than water, reflecting its composition of heavy tungsten and relatively lighter sulfur atoms in a compact layered structure.
The specific gravity of WS₂ is a useful metric in contexts like mineral processing or material selection, where relative density comparisons are needed. For instance, in flotation processes used to separate WS₂-containing ores from lighter gangue materials, its high specific gravity ensures it sinks rather than floats, aiding in its extraction. Similarly, in engineering applications, such as coatings or lubricants, specific gravity informs how WS₂ behaves in mixtures or suspensions compared to less dense materials.
This value assumes pure, crystalline WS₂. In practice, factors like particle size, porosity, or impurities (e.g., residual oxides from synthesis) could slightly alter the effective specific gravity of a sample. For example, WS₂ nanoparticles or thin films may have lower apparent specific gravity due to trapped air or incomplete densification, but these are deviations from the intrinsic property of the bulk material. The specific gravity of 7.5 aligns with WS₂’s classification as a dense transition metal dichalcogenide, distinguishing it from lighter solid lubricants like graphite (specific gravity ~2.26).
The consistency of WS₂’s specific gravity across standard conditions stems from its solid-state stability and lack of phase transitions below its decomposition temperature. Unlike liquids or gases, where specific gravity varies with temperature and pressure, WS₂’s value remains stable in typical environments (e.g., room temperature to several hundred degrees Celsius). This reliability makes it a predictable material for applications requiring consistent mass-to-volume ratios, such as in aerospace components where weight and density are critical design factors.
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