Halogen gas significantly reduces the evaporation of tungsten wires through a process called halogen tungsten cycle. The following is a detailed explanation of how halogen gas reduces tungsten wire evaporation:
- Halogen tungsten cycle process
Tungsten wire evaporation:
When a halogen bulb is lit, the tungsten wire is heated and emits light. As the temperature rises, the tungsten atoms on the surface of the tungsten wire evaporate into tungsten vapor.
Halogen reaction:
The evaporated tungsten vapor reacts chemically with the halogen gas (such as iodine or bromine) in the bulb to produce volatile tungsten halides (such as tungsten iodide or tungsten bromide). This reaction usually occurs in the wall area of the bulb.
Diffusion and decomposition of tungsten halides:
The generated tungsten halides are unstable compounds that decompose into halogen vapor and tungsten at high temperatures. When tungsten halides diffuse to the high-temperature area near the filament, a decomposition reaction occurs, and the released tungsten vapor is deposited on the filament, while the halogen vapor continues to diffuse to participate in the next cycle.
- Mechanisms to reduce tungsten wire evaporation
Chemical regeneration:
Through the halogen tungsten cycle, the evaporated tungsten is captured by the halogen gas and redeposited on the filament. This process is actually a chemical regeneration mechanism that effectively reduces the net evaporation of the tungsten wire.
Slowing down the sublimation rate:
The presence of halogen gas slows down the sublimation rate of the tungsten wire at high temperatures. Because the sublimated tungsten atoms are captured by the halogen gas and converted into tungsten halides, the amount of tungsten that evaporates directly onto the bulb wall is reduced.
Extending the life of the bulb:
Since the halogen cycle reduces the evaporation of the tungsten wire, the inside of the bulb will not turn black due to the deposition of tungsten, thereby extending the life of the bulb. At the same time, the filament is able to maintain its original diameter due to the continuous deposition of tungsten atoms, maintaining a high luminous efficiency.
- Advantages in practical applications
Halogen bulbs are widely used due to their high brightness, long life and stable luminous performance. Especially in occasions that require concentrated irradiation, such as car headlights, office lighting and CNC machine tools, halogen bulbs perform well.
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