The following methods can be used to detect microcracks in tungsten wires:
- Optical microscope method
Principle: Detection is carried out by directly observing the microcrack morphology on the surface or cross section of the material.
Steps: Use a high-power microscope to magnify the surface of the tungsten wire, observe and record the shape, length, width and other information of the crack.
Applicable scenarios: Suitable for situations where the crack is large and easy to observe. For small or deep cracks, the detection effect of the optical microscope method is limited.
- Ultrasonic method
Principle: Use the propagation characteristics of ultrasound in the material to detect microcracks. By sending ultrasonic signals into the material and receiving the reflected signals, analyzing the changes in the signals can determine whether there are cracks inside the material and the location and depth of the cracks.
Steps: Contact the ultrasonic probe with the tungsten wire, send ultrasonic signals and receive reflected signals. Analyze the signal changes to determine the location and depth of the cracks.
Advantages: It has the advantages of non-destructiveness, high detection sensitivity, and is suitable for large-area detection.
Limitations: It has high technical requirements for operators and is affected by factors such as material surface finish and probe performance.
- Magnetic powder method
Principle: Surface and near-surface crack detection method for ferromagnetic materials. Apply magnetic powder to the surface of the material to be tested. After applying a magnetic field, the magnetic powder will gather near the crack to form a visible magnetic powder mass, thereby revealing the presence of the crack.
Steps: Place the tungsten wire (if the tungsten wire is ferromagnetic or can be magnetized) in a magnetic field and apply magnetic powder. Observe and record the formation of the magnetic powder mass to determine the location and morphology of the crack.
Applicable scenarios: Simple operation, low cost, suitable for rapid detection of ferromagnetic materials. However, for non-ferromagnetic materials or non-surface cracks, the detection effect of the magnetic powder method is limited. Since tungsten wire is usually not a ferromagnetic material, this method may not be suitable for the detection of tungsten wire microcracks unless the tungsten wire is specially treated to be magnetic.
- X-ray method
Principle: Microcracks are detected by emitting X-rays to the material to be tested and observing its transmission or scattering. X-rays can penetrate the surface of the material, interact with the defects inside the material and produce specific images. By analyzing these images, it is possible to determine whether there are cracks inside the material and their size and location.
Steps: Use X-ray equipment to irradiate the tungsten wire and observe the image formed by the transmitted or scattered X-rays. Analyze the image to determine the location, length, width and other information of the crack.
Advantages: It has the advantages of being intuitive, quantitative, and can preserve the detection records for a long time.
Limitations: It has high requirements for equipment and high cost, and is also affected by factors such as crack width and depth. In addition, X-rays have certain radiation hazards to the human body, so necessary protective measures need to be taken during the detection.
- Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation method
Principle: Use the high-resolution imaging capability of the scanning electron microscope to observe the microstructure and surface state of the tungsten wire.
Steps: Place the tungsten wire sample in a scanning electron microscope, and adjust the magnification and focal length to clearly observe the microcracks. Record and analyze the observed microcrack morphology, distribution and other information.
Applicable scenarios: It is suitable for high-resolution imaging and observation of microcracks on the surface and near the surface of the tungsten wire.
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