There is a close relationship between the fracture mode of tungsten wire and the use environment. As a high-temperature resistant and high-strength material, the fracture mode of tungsten wire is affected by many factors, including temperature, stress state, environmental atmosphere, and the microstructure of the tungsten wire itself.
- The effect of temperature on the fracture mode of tungsten wire
High temperature environment:
In a high-temperature environment, tungsten wire tends to become brittle, resulting in an increased risk of brittle fracture. The characteristics of brittle fracture are rapid crack propagation, low energy consumption, and rarely visible plastic deformation.
High temperature may also cause thermal stress inside the tungsten wire, aggravating fatigue and fracture of the tungsten wire.
Temperature fluctuation:
Rapid temperature changes or fluctuations may cause thermal shock effects on the tungsten wire, which in turn triggers fracture. This fracture usually occurs in areas where the tungsten wire is thinner or has defects.
- The influence of stress state on the fracture mode of tungsten wire
Tensile stress:
Under the action of tensile stress, the tungsten wire may undergo plastic fracture or ductile fracture. This fracture mode is usually accompanied by obvious plastic deformation and necking.
Compressive stress:
Compressive stress may cause the tungsten wire to bend or twist, resulting in longitudinal fracture. Longitudinal fracture may include longitudinal splitting and longitudinal tearing, both of which extend along the longitudinal fiber boundary or fiber band of the tungsten wire.
Composite stress:
Under complex stress states, the tungsten wire may be subjected to multiple stresses such as tension, compression, bending, etc. at the same time, resulting in the emergence of mixed fracture modes. Mixed fractures may include transgranular fracture, intergranular fracture, and their combination.
- The influence of environmental atmosphere on the fracture mode of tungsten wire
Oxidizing atmosphere:
In an oxidizing atmosphere, an oxide layer is easily formed on the surface of tungsten wire, which may reduce the effective diameter of the tungsten wire and increase the risk of fracture. At the same time, the oxide layer may also affect the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of the tungsten wire.
Inert gas or vacuum environment:
In an inert gas or vacuum environment, the tungsten wire can maintain good stability and conductivity, which helps to reduce fracture caused by oxidation.
- The influence of tungsten wire microstructure on the fracture mode
Grain size and shape:
The grain size, shape and distribution of tungsten wire have an important influence on its fracture mode. Fine grains usually help to improve the strength and toughness of tungsten wire and reduce the risk of brittle fracture.
Defects and inclusions:
Defects and inclusions in tungsten wire may become the starting point for crack initiation, causing the tungsten wire to break at lower stress.
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