Molybdenum foil is classified by manufacturing process into cold-rolled, hot-rolled, and annealed foil, each imparting distinct properties. Cold-rolled foil, processed at low temperatures, has fine grains, high hardness (160-200 HV), and tensile strength (800-1000 MPa) but low ductility (elongation 5-10%) and reduced toughness, prone to brittle fracture. It suits high-strength components like semiconductor substrates or furnace supports. Hot-rolled foil, processed at high temperatures, has larger grains, lower hardness (140-180 HV), tensile strength (500-700 MPa), better ductility (elongation 15-20%), and higher toughness, ideal for moldable parts like molds or aerospace components. Annealed foil, heat-treated post-rolling, relieves internal stress, optimizes crystal structure, and offers the lowest hardness (130-170 HV), highest ductility (elongation 20-25%), and best toughness, suitable for complex forming or high-temperature processing. Cold rolling enhances strength at the cost of toughness, hot rolling balances strength and plasticity, and annealing prioritizes ductility. Process selection impacts applications: cold-rolled for precision high-strength needs, hot-rolled and annealed for forming or high-temperature environments. Above 600°C in oxidizing conditions, protection is needed to maintain performance. Cost varies, with cold rolling and annealing being pricier and hot rolling more economical.
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