The hot rolling process is a critical step in molybdenum foil preparation, transforming molybdenum billets into thinner sheets with balanced strength and plasticity. Initially, molybdenum billets (purity ≥99.9%, from powder metallurgy or smelting) are selected, typically 10-50 mm thick, with a density of 10.28 g/cm³. The billets are preheated to 1200-1600°C in a vacuum or hydrogen furnace, softening the material and reducing deformation resistance. Multi-pass hot rolling is performed, reducing thickness by 10-20% per pass to a final 1-5 mm, with rolling speeds of 0.5-2 m/s to ensure uniform grains. High temperatures yield larger grains, good ductility (elongation 15-20%), tensile strength of 500-700 MPa, hardness of 140-180 HV, and better toughness than cold-rolled foil. Post-rolling, surface oxides are removed by acid washing (nitric acid solution) to restore smoothness. Hot-rolled foil is used for further cold rolling or directly as high-temperature furnace components or molds. Advantages include good processability and lower costs; disadvantages are slightly inferior surface quality, requiring post-treatment. Oxidation above 600°C necessitates protection. Quality control involves temperature monitoring, thickness testing (ultrasonic), and metallographic analysis to ensure uniform grains. Hot-rolled molybdenum foil is widely used in aerospace, electronics, and metallurgy, offering stable performance for mass production.
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