The cold rolling process prepares high-strength, thin molybdenum foil from hot-rolled sheets at room or low temperatures, ideal for precision applications. The process begins with hot-rolled molybdenum sheets (1-5 mm thick, purity ≥99.9%), surface-cleaned by acid washing to remove oxides. Cold rolling is conducted at room temperature or low temperatures (<300°C) using high-precision rolling mills, with multi-pass rolling reducing thickness by 5-15% per pass to a final 0.1-1 mm. Work hardening refines grains, increasing tensile strength to 800-1000 MPa and hardness to 160-200 HV, but reducing ductility (elongation 5-10%) and toughness. Deformation is controlled (<20% per pass) to prevent microcracks, with lubricants (e.g., oil-based emulsions) minimizing friction. Post-rolling, the foil’s surface is smooth (roughness Ra<0.1 μm), but high internal stress requires annealing (800-1200°C, in vacuum or hydrogen) to restore ductility (elongation 10-20%). Surface polishing further enhances quality. Cold-rolled foil is used in semiconductor substrates, sputtering targets, and aerospace precision parts. Advantages include high strength and precision; disadvantages are low toughness and complex processing. Oxidation above 600°C requires protection. Quality control involves thickness measurement, hardness testing, and microscopic analysis to ensure consistent performance.
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