The density of molybdenum foil is 10.28 g/cm³ at room temperature, close to its theoretical value, reflecting high compactness and excellent mechanical properties. Determined by molybdenum’s body-centered cubic crystal structure, its density is lighter than tungsten (19.25 g/cm³) but significantly higher than aluminum (2.7 g/cm³) or copper (8.96 g/cm³). High density contributes to its strength (tensile strength 500-1000 MPa) and wear resistance (hardness 150-200 HV), ideal for aerospace high-temperature components and semiconductor substrates. Manufacturing processes slightly affect density: powder metallurgy foil may have lower density (10.1-10.25 g/cm³) due to micropores, while cold-rolled or hot-rolled foil, through densification, nears the theoretical value. High-purity foil (≥99.95%) has stabler density due to fewer impurities, whereas low-purity foil (<99%) may deviate slightly due to impurities (e.g., carbon, oxygen). Density decreases marginally with temperature (e.g., ~10.2 g/cm³ at 2000°C) but remains stable, ensuring high-temperature performance. Density is measured using Archimedes’ method or X-ray diffraction, with ±0.01 g/cm³ precision, ensuring quality. Oxidation above 600°C may form MoO₃, affecting the surface but not significantly altering bulk density. Molybdenum foil’s high density makes it superior to lighter metals in applications requiring strength and compact design, such as electronics and furnace components.
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