Molybdenum foil exhibits good electrical conductivity, with a conductivity of 1.87 × 10⁷ S/m at room temperature, corresponding to a resistivity of ~5.34 × 10⁻⁸ Ω·m, outperforming iron (1.0 × 10⁷ S/m) but slightly below copper (5.96 × 10⁷ S/m). This conductivity, driven by molybdenum’s metallic crystal structure and free electron density, makes it suitable for electronics, such as semiconductor sputtering targets, vacuum furnace heating strips, and display electrodes. Conductivity decreases slightly with temperature, e.g., ~1.2 × 10⁷ S/m at 1000°C, due to increased electron scattering from lattice vibrations. Purity affects conductivity: high-purity foil (≥99.95%) offers stabler conductivity due to minimal impurities (e.g., carbon, oxygen), while low-purity foil (<99%) may see a 5-10% reduction from impurities. Processing matters, with cold-rolled foil’s finer grains slightly reducing conductivity compared to hot-rolled foil’s larger grains. Surface condition is critical: polished foil (roughness Ra<0.1 μm) minimizes contact resistance, outperforming acid-washed or as-rolled surfaces. Oxidation above 600°C, forming MoO₃, requires vacuum protection to prevent surface resistance increase. Conductivity is tested using the four-probe method, with ±1% precision. Molybdenum foil’s conductivity supports efficient current transmission, combined with its high melting point (2623°C) and thermal conductivity (138 W/m·K), making it ideal for semiconductors, electronic devices, and high-temperature electrodes.
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