Molybdenum foil exhibits excellent thermal conductivity, with a value of 138 W/m·K at room temperature, surpassing iron (80 W/m·K) and approaching copper (400 W/m·K), making it ideal for applications requiring efficient heat management, such as semiconductor substrates, vacuum furnace heating strips, and aerospace high-temperature components. This conductivity stems from molybdenum’s body-centered cubic crystal structure and high free electron density, facilitating rapid heat transfer. Conductivity decreases slightly with temperature, e.g., ~110 W/m·K at 1000°C, due to increased electron scattering from lattice vibrations. Purity significantly affects conductivity: high-purity foil (≥99.95%) offers stabler performance due to minimal impurities (e.g., carbon, oxygen), while low-purity foil (<99%) may see a 5-10% reduction from impurities. Processing also impacts conductivity, with cold-rolled foil’s finer grains slightly lowering conductivity compared to hot-rolled foil’s larger grains. Surface condition is critical: polished foil (roughness Ra<0.1 μm) minimizes thermal resistance, outperforming acid-washed or as-rolled surfaces. Oxidation above 600°C, forming MoO₃, requires vacuum or inert gas protection to prevent surface conductivity decline. Thermal conductivity is tested using the laser flash method, with ±2% precision. Combined with a high melting point (2623°C) and low thermal expansion coefficient (4.8 × 10⁻⁶/K), molybdenum foil is ideal for electronics, aerospace, and furnaces, with quality control via thermal testing and microscopic analysis ensuring performance.
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