The thermal conductivity of a molybdenum crucible depends on the purity of the molybdenum, the temperature and the manufacturing process, but in general, the thermal conductivity of pure molybdenum at room temperature (about 25°C) is about 138 W/(m·K). The following is a detailed description:
- Thermal conductivity characteristics
Room temperature value: The thermal conductivity of high-purity molybdenum (99.95% and above) is about 138-142 W/(m·K), and the specific value varies slightly due to the material microstructure and impurity content.
Temperature dependence:
As the temperature increases, the thermal conductivity of molybdenum decreases gradually. For example:
At 500°C, the thermal conductivity is about 100-110 W/(m·K).
At 1000°C, the thermal conductivity further decreases to 80-90 W/(m·K).
At higher temperatures (e.g., 2000°C), the thermal conductivity may drop to 50-70 W/(m·K), but is still superior to many other high-temperature resistant materials.
- Factors affecting thermal conductivity
Purity: High purity molybdenum has higher thermal conductivity, and impurities (such as carbon and oxygen) will reduce thermal conductivity.
Manufacturing process: Forged, sintered or rolled molybdenum crucibles may have slightly different thermal conductivity due to differences in grain structure.
Alloying: Molybdenum alloys (e.g., Mo-W, Mo-La) generally have slightly lower thermal conductivity than pure molybdenum, depending on the alloy composition.
Temperature: At high temperatures, electron and lattice vibration scattering is enhanced, resulting in a decrease in thermal conductivity.
- Practical application significance
Uniform heating: The higher thermal conductivity of the molybdenum crucible enables it to achieve a more uniform temperature distribution under vacuum or inert atmosphere, which is suitable for high-precision processes (such as semiconductor crystal growth and metal melting).
Heat conduction efficiency: In high-temperature furnaces, molybdenum crucibles can effectively transfer heat and reduce the risk of local overheating.
Compared with other materials:
The thermal conductivity of molybdenum is higher than that of alumina (~30 W/(m·K)) and zirconia (~2-3 W/(m·K)), but lower than that of copper (~400 W/(m·K)) or silver (~430 W/(m·K)).
Among high-temperature corrosion-resistant materials, molybdenum has excellent thermal conductivity.
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