The high-density characteristic of tungsten-nickel-iron alloy is one of its most prominent physical properties, with a density usually in the range of 16.5 – 18.7g/cm³, which is much higher than that of most common metal materials, such as steel with a density of about 7.8g/cm³ and aluminum with a density of about 2.7g/cm³. This high density is mainly due to the high proportion of tungsten in its composition. Tungsten, as a high-density metal (density 19.3g/cm³), accounts for 80% – 97% of the alloy, directly determining the overall density level of the alloy.
From the perspective of microstructure, tungsten-nickel-iron alloy is prepared by powder metallurgy technology. Tungsten particles are closely arranged during sintering, and the binding phase formed by nickel and iron fills the gaps between tungsten particles, resulting in extremely low porosity inside the alloy, which further ensures the realization of high-density characteristics. This compact structure not only endows the alloy with high specific gravity, but also enables it to have a large mass when its volume is small.
In practical applications, the high-density characteristic brings many advantages to tungsten-nickel-iron alloy. In the field of counterweight, such as the balance system of aerospace equipment, only a small volume of the alloy can achieve the required counterweight effect, effectively saving space; in inertial navigation systems, high-density gyro rotors can improve the sensitivity and stability of the system; in terms of radiation shielding, high-density materials can more effectively block the penetration of X-rays, γ-rays, etc., so the alloy is often used in medical radiation equipment and shielding components in the nuclear industry. In addition, in the military field, high-density armor-piercing projectile cores can achieve strong penetration ability relying on huge kinetic energy.
At the same time, the high-density characteristic of tungsten-nickel-iron alloy also cooperates with its other properties. For example, while maintaining high density, it still has certain mechanical strength and toughness, enabling it to play a stable role in various complex working conditions. By adjusting the content of tungsten, the density of the alloy can be precisely controlled to meet the specific density requirements of different scenarios, further expanding its application range.
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