In tungsten-nickel-iron alloy, iron, as an important part of the binding phase, has unique characteristics and plays an important role in the performance and preparation process of the alloy. In terms of characteristics, iron has high strength and hardness, with its tensile strength and hardness being above the medium level among metals, which enables it to provide certain structural support and deformation resistance for the alloy. At the same time, iron has good thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity. Although it is slightly inferior to metals such as copper, in the alloy system, it can promote the transfer of heat and current, avoiding local overheating or charge accumulation. In addition, the cost of iron is relatively low, which is of positive significance for controlling the overall production cost of the alloy.
From the perspective of functions, one of the main roles of iron is to form a binding phase with nickel synergistically, enhancing the overall strength and toughness of the alloy. During the sintering process, iron and nickel diffuse into each other to form a uniform solid solution. The strength and toughness of this solid solution are better than those of single nickel or iron, which can better wrap and connect tungsten particles, making the alloy not easy to fracture when subjected to external forces. Secondly, the addition of iron can adjust the density of the alloy. Since the density of iron (7.87g/cm³) is lower than that of tungsten but higher than that of nickel, the overall density of the alloy can be fine-tuned within a certain range by changing the content of iron to meet the specific density requirements of different application scenarios. For example, in some occasions where the density requirement is slightly lower but there is a certain requirement for strength, the content of iron can be appropriately increased. In addition, iron can improve the processing performance of the alloy. Although the plasticity of iron is not as good as that of nickel, it still has obvious advantages compared with tungsten. The presence of iron can reduce the brittleness of the alloy, making it easier to perform mechanical processing (such as cutting, drilling, etc.) on the alloy, improving processing efficiency and yield. Moreover, the thermal conductivity of iron helps the alloy dissipate heat during use, preventing performance degradation due to excessive temperature, which is particularly important for alloy components working in high-temperature environments. Finally, the low-cost characteristic of iron makes it possible to reduce the procurement cost of materials under the premise of ensuring the performance of the alloy, improve the market competitiveness of the alloy, and expand its application range. To sum up, iron has an important impact on the mechanical properties, physical properties, and economy of the tungsten-nickel-iron alloy through its synergistic effect with other elements.
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