In the crystal structure of tungsten oxide (WO₃), tungsten defects refer to missing or replaced defect sites at the positions of tungsten atoms in the crystal lattice. Normally, the crystal structure of tungsten oxide is composed of oxygen atoms and tungsten atoms, presenting a layered structure. Each tungsten atom is surrounded by six oxygen atoms, forming a tungsten-oxygen octahedral structure. Tungsten site defects may occur in the absence or substitution of tungsten atomic positions. Specifically, tungsten site defects can be divided into two types:
Tungsten atoms Tungsten vacancies
A tungsten atom is missing at the position of a tungsten atom, forming a tungsten vacancy. This defect causes a vacancy in the crystal structure and can destroy the integrity of the crystal.
Tungsten Atomic Tungsten Substitute
The position of a tungsten atom is replaced by another atom (usually a different metal ion), forming a substitution defect of a tungsten site. Such substitutional defects alter the composition and structure of the crystal.
The existence of tungsten site defects will affect the physical and chemical properties of tungsten oxide, including electronic conductivity, catalytic activity, optical properties, etc. Therefore, studying and controlling the formation and distribution of tungsten site defects in tungsten oxide is of great significance for understanding and regulating the properties of tungsten oxide materials.
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