The photocatalytically active electron transport of tungsten oxide is mainly carried out through the direct transport mechanism.
In tungsten oxide, photogenerated electrons can be transported from the valence band to the conduction band through direct transitions, and then rapidly transport along the conduction band inside the material. This direct transport path is influenced by the tungsten oxide crystal structure and surface defects.
The crystal structure of tungsten oxide is formed by stacking W-O-W layers. The conduction band is formed by W 5d electrons while the valence band is mainly formed by O 2p electrons. After excitation by light, the photogenerated electrons will transition from the O 2p energy level to the W 5d conduction band energy level to form electron-hole pairs. These photogenerated electrons are continuously transported through the W-O-W layer inside the conduction band, from one W atom to another, to achieve electron transport inside the material. The electron transport path within this conduction band is relatively fast because of the close distance between W atoms.
In this process, the surface defects of tungsten oxide play a key role. Surface defect sites can provide additional electron transport channels and promote electron transport near the surface of tungsten oxide. For example, oxide defect sites and oxygen vacancies can provide active sites that accelerate the transport of photogenerated electrons to the sites of catalytic reactions.
By optimizing the crystal structure and surface defects of tungsten oxide, the mobility and transport efficiency of electrons can be improved, thereby enhancing the photocatalytic activity. In addition, adjusting the light conditions and light absorption characteristics can also have an impact on the electron transport process.
It should be noted that the photocatalytic active electron transport of tungsten oxide is a complicated process, which is also affected by other factors, such as material doping, carrier lifetime, etc. Therefore, further experimental and theoretical studies are still required to deeply understand and optimize the photocatalytically active electron transport of tungsten oxide.
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