Tungstate ore is an important oxygen-containing salt mineral. Tungstate minerals are oxygen-containing salt minerals in which metal cations and tungstate [WO4] 2-phases are combined. The number of known tungstate minerals is only 18, but scheelite is often enriched to form tungsten deposits.
The chemical composition and [WO4]2-phase compound cations are mainly Ca2+ and Pb2+, which form anhydrous compounds; Cu2+, Al3+, etc. with smaller radii, have additional anions (OH)- or Water molecules, such as copper tungsten Cu2[WO4](OH)2, gibbsite Al[WO4](OH)•H2O.
Crystal chemical characteristics The geometric properties of the coordination tetrahedron of [WO4]2- complex anion are different from [SO4]2-, the coordination tetrahedron of [SO4]2- is a regular tetrahedron, while the coordination tetrahedron of [WO4]2- is a coordination It is a tetragonal tetrahedron, and its volume is larger than that of [SO4]2- coordination tetrahedron.
Physical properties Higher density is the characteristic of tungstate, for example, the density of scheelite is 6.1g/cm3, and the density of wolframite Pb[WO4] is as high as 8.13g/cm3. But the hardness is generally not high, no more than 4.5; those containing water are very low, such as the hardness of swollenite is only 1. The color of this kind of minerals is mostly light except for wolframite which is dark. In terms of origin, anhydrous tungstate minerals are all formed by endogenous processes, mainly found in contact metasomatism and hydrothermal deposits.
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